Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the phenotype of all offspring when the parental genotype is 'pp*pp'?
What is the phenotype of all offspring when the parental genotype is 'pp*pp'?
- Homozygous dominant
- Heterozygous
- Homozygous recessive (correct)
- None of the above
What is the principle that explains the separation of allele pairs during gamete formation?
What is the principle that explains the separation of allele pairs during gamete formation?
- The principle of dominance
- The principle of independent assortment
- The principle of segregation (correct)
- The principle of linked genes
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the sex chromosomes of birds and mammals?
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the sex chromosomes of birds and mammals?
- Birds have a ZW sex chromosome system, while mammals have an XY system. (correct)
- Both birds and mammals have an XX sex chromosome system.
- Birds have an XY sex chromosome system, while mammals have a ZW system.
- Both birds and mammals have the same sex chromosomes.
Which of the following events leads to Down's syndrome (trisomy 21)?
Which of the following events leads to Down's syndrome (trisomy 21)?
What is the term used to describe the complete set of chromosomes in a cell?
What is the term used to describe the complete set of chromosomes in a cell?
Which of the following is NOT a true statement related to variations in chromosome number?
Which of the following is NOT a true statement related to variations in chromosome number?
What is the term for a mutation that causes a decrease in an organism's ability to survive?
What is the term for a mutation that causes a decrease in an organism's ability to survive?
Which of the following is an example of a genotype?
Which of the following is an example of a genotype?
Which of the following mating systems is characterized by an increase in homozygosity?
Which of the following mating systems is characterized by an increase in homozygosity?
Which of the following variations in chromosome structure involves the transfer of a chromosome part to another chromosome?
Which of the following variations in chromosome structure involves the transfer of a chromosome part to another chromosome?
Which of the following animals has 78 chromosomes?
Which of the following animals has 78 chromosomes?
What is the relationship between phenotype, genotype, and environment?
What is the relationship between phenotype, genotype, and environment?
Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for domestication?
Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for domestication?
Flashcards
Genotype
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism, e.g., pp.
Phenotype
Phenotype
The observable traits of an organism, determined by genotype.
Principle of Segregation
Principle of Segregation
Mendel's principle stating alleles separate during gamete formation.
Karyotype
Karyotype
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Down's Syndrome
Down's Syndrome
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Condominance
Condominance
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Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis
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Harmful mutation
Harmful mutation
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Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy
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Outcrossing
Outcrossing
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Domestication
Domestication
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Study Notes
Genotype and Phenotype Prediction
- Genotype of parents can predict offspring phenotype
- Homozygous recessive offspring have a homozygous recessive genotype (pp)
Mendel's Laws
- Discovered principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment
- Birds and mammals do NOT have the same sex chromosomes (false)
- Animal genotypes CAN be manipulated by breeding (true)
Karyotype
- A complete set of chromosomes is called a karyotype
Chromosome Numbers
- All body cells (except gametes) have a diploid number of chromosomes (true)
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21) results from homologous chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis
Predicting Offspring
- Offspring phenotypes can be predicted by crossing heterozygous parents
- Crossing Yy and Yy will result in offspring with the following genotypes: YY, Yy, Yy, yy
Codominance
- Heterozygous chickens with black and white speckled feathers is an example of codominance
Gene Expression
- Many factors alter animal phenotypes (true)
- Production of sex cells is called gametogenesis (true)
- Only changes in chromosome structure can cause genetic disorders (false)
Embryo Chromosomes
- Embryos don't have the haploid number of chromosomes (false)
Mutations
- Mutations make organisms less able to survive (cause death)
Genetic Terminology
- Autosomes: Chromosomes that control somatic characters
- Sex chromosomes: Chromosomes that control sexual characters
- Polyploidy: Chromosomal number is a multiple of the normal haploid (e.g., 3n or 4n)
- Aneuploidy: Gain or loss of a single chromosome
- Monosomy: Loss of a single chromosome
- Trisomy: Gain of a single chromosome
- Variations in chromosome structure include deletion, duplication, translocation, and inversion
Mating Systems
- Inbreeding increases homozygosity
- Line breeding is a type of inbreeding
- Outbreeding increases heterozygosity
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