RFLP Analysis and Genotype Prediction
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Questions and Answers

What is the genotype of the individual with a phenotype probability of 0.19?

  • FF
  • Ff or FF
  • ff (correct)
  • Ff
  • Which enzyme is used for RFLP analysis in the family?

  • EcoRI
  • BamHI
  • MboI (correct)
  • HindIII
  • Which family members' DNA was analyzed using the restriction enzyme MboI?

  • Only L and M
  • Only L and F
  • L, F, M, S, E, D and YO (correct)
  • Only F, M, and S
  • In the RFLP analysis, which allele is cut by the enzyme?

    <p>Slow allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals have the possible genotype of Ff or FF?

    <p>Individuals with a phenotype probability of 0.83 and 0.95 only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the P generation, what are the genotypes of the plants used in the monohybrid cross?

    <p>TT and tt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotypic ratio in the F1 generation?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a phenotypic ratio of 1:1 in the F2 generation?

    <p>The F2 parental line was heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sulphadimidine experiment, what was proportional to the amount of metabolite in the urine samples?

    <p>The color intensity recorded by the colorimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the family data, which member has the slow acetylation phenotype?

    <p>Eldest daughter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a genotype of TT represent in plant height?

    <p>Tall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are garden peas (Pisum sativum) a good choice for genetic studies?

    <p>They can be grown in a small area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the self-pollination process in Mendel's P generation for tall plants?

    <p>Only tall plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which generation did Mendel observe a 3:1 ratio of tall to short plants?

    <p>F2 generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In particulate inheritance, what did Mendel believe physical traits were inherited as?

    <p>Particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of garden peas allowed Mendel to produce pure strains?

    <p>Self-pollination over several generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mendel's experiments, what happens to a recessive trait in the F1 generation?

    <p>It is masked by the dominant trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel's F1 generation of hybrid plants all exhibit in terms of flower color?

    <p>All purple flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plants achieve self-pollination according to Mendel's steps?

    <p>By transferring male anther to the female stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotypic ratio when two hybrid plants (Tt) are crossed?

    <p>3 tall, 1 short</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Mendel's laws explains the separation of alleles during gamete formation?

    <p>Principle of Segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mendel's Principle of Dominance, what phenotype is expressed if at least one dominant allele is present?

    <p>Dominant trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the P generation cross (TT x tt), what is the genotype of all F1 offspring?

    <p>Tt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the Punnett Square?

    <p>Reginald Punnett</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generation results from self-pollinating the F1 generation (Tt x Tt)?

    <p>F2 generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the F1 generation (P generation: TT x tt)?

    <p>All offspring are heterozygous (Tt)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of the F2 generation is short based on Mendelian genetics?

    <p>1/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetics Basics

    • Monohybrid cross: crossing two pure lines (homozygous) with different forms of a single gene
    • Genotype: genetic makeup of an individual (e.g., TT, Tt, tt)
    • Phenotype: physical characteristics of an individual (e.g., tall, short)

    P Generation

    • Monohybrid cross of two pure lines (homozygous)
    • Example: TT x tt
    • Genotype: Tt
    • Phenotype: All tall

    F1 Generation

    • Monohybrid cross of two heterozygous lines
    • Example: Tt x Tt
    • Genotype: TT, Tt, tt
    • Phenotype: Tall and short
    • Genotypic ratio: 1:2:1
    • Phenotypic ratio: 3:1

    F2 Generation

    • Test cross or back cross
    • Uses homozygous recessive from the P generation to unmask other traits and determine the genotype of F2 individuals
    • If all offspring are the same, then it was homozygous
    • A phenotypic ratio of 1:1 indicates the F2 parental line was heterozygous

    Sulphadimidine Acetylation Experiment

    • 200 people given sulphadimidine
    • Urine samples were taken after 6 hours and treated to detect the main metabolite
    • Samples were analyzed using a colorimeter
    • A separate family was also given the drug and the urines processed in the same way

    Data Analysis

    • Data was sorted and assigned into ranges based on optical density (OD)
    • This gives a frequency profile for the 200-person population

    Family Data

    • Father: fast acetylator
    • Mother: fast acetylator
    • Son: fast acetylator
    • Eldest daughter: slow acetylator
    • Youngest daughter: fast acetylator

    RFLP Analysis

    • Digestion of family member DNA with restriction enzyme MboI
    • Only the slow allele cuts with the enzyme
    • RFLP analysis shows the genotype of the various family members

    Garden Peas (Pisum sativum)

    • Can be grown in a small area
    • Produce lots of offspring
    • Produce pure plants when allowed to self-pollinate over several generations
    • Can be artificially cross-pollinated

    Self-Pollination

    • Mendel produced pure strains by self-pollinating for several generations
    • Steps of self-pollination:
      • Self-pollination: male anther to the female stigma
      • Fertilization
      • Germination: seeds in the ovary

    Particulate Inheritance

    • Mendel stated that physical traits are inherited as "particles"
    • Mendel did not know that the "particles" were actually chromosomes and DNA

    Mendel's Laws

    • Mendel's 1st Law: Principle of Dominance
      • Alleles can be dominant or recessive
      • If you have at least one dominant allele, you will display the phenotype of this allele
    • Mendel's 2nd Law: Principle of Segregation
      • During the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other
      • Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring

    Punnett Square

    • A tool used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring
    • Developed by Reginald Punnett

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    Description

    This quiz involves analyzing the results of RFLP analysis to predict the genotypes of family members based on DNA fragmentation patterns. It covers the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes.

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