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Genetics and Meiosis
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Genetics and Meiosis

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Questions and Answers

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes line up in a double file?

  • Metaphase I (correct)
  • Telophase I
  • Prophase I
  • Anaphase I

    • What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

  • Meiosis
  • Crossover
  • Synapsis
  • Genetic recombination (correct)

    • Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of homologs into haploid daughter cells?

  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I/Telophase I (correct)
  • Telophase I
  • Prophase I

    • What is the result of genetic recombination during meiosis?

    <p>Few chromosomes are identical to those of the mother and father.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis do paired chromosomes condense?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical connection between homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Synapsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids remain joined?

    <p>Anaphase I/Telophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic recombination during meiosis?

    <p>To produce new combinations of genes in the chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic cytoplasm type of Mucous secretion?

    <p>Pale staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland has both mucous and serous acini converging at larger ducts?

    <p>Compound alveolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Skeletal muscle fibers?

    <p>Peripherally located multiple nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Mucous and Serous secretions?

    <p>Cytoplasm staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland would have both Mucous and Serous cells?

    <p>Compound alveolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic nuclear shape of Mucous cells?

    <p>Flattened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for glands with multiple secretory portions converging at a larger duct?

    <p>Compound alveolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Multinucleated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

    <p>Multipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Golgi tendon organs?

    <p>Regulate the amount of effort required to perform movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein is found especially in astrocytes?

    <p>Glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of neurons based on in sympathetic ganglion?

    <p>Number of cell processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Pacinian corpuscle?

    <p>Regulate the sensation of pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glial cells contain intermediate filaments consisting of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are found in sympathetic ganglion?

    <p>Multipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Golgi tendon organs in relation to movement?

    <p>Regulate the amount of effort required to perform movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that differentiates Purkinje fibers from regular cardiac cells?

    <p>Larger and pale-staining cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for classifying connective tissue proper?

    <p>Amount and arrangement of collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type plays a crucial role in tissue repair?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Purkinje fibers?

    <p>Much glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location are Purkinje fibers typically found?

    <p>Sub epicardial location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Purkinje fibers and regular cardiac cells?

    <p>Staining pattern of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of connective tissue proper?

    <p>Fibers and ground substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional significance of Purkinje fibers?

    <p>Conduct electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hand muscle is responsible for adduction of the middle three fingers?

    <p>Palmar interosseus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hand compartment is the opponens digiti minimi located?

    <p>Hypothenar compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fascial space transmits the profunda brachii artery?

    <p>Quadrangular space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rotator cuff muscle medially rotates the arm?

    <p>Infraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many dorsal interosseus muscles are there in the hand?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dorsal interosseus muscles?

    <p>Abduction of fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for opposition of the little finger?

    <p>Opponens digiti minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?

    <p>Terres major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Meiosis

    • Genetic recombination occurs in Prophase I, producing new combinations of genes in the chromosomes.
    • This results in few, if any, chromosomes in the germ cells being exactly the same as those in the mother and father.

    Cell Structure

    • Rough pale staining cytoplasm is characteristic of Mucous secretion.
    • Glands with both mucous and serous acini converging at larger ducts are classified morphologically as Compound Alveolar/Acinar.

    Muscle Types

    • Skeletal muscle characteristics:
      • Long striated cylindrical muscle fiber
      • Multinucleated present at the periphery of cell under the sarcolemma
    • Cardiac muscle characteristics:
      • Pacinian corpuscle
      • Contain only afferent nerve fibers
      • Regulate the amount of effort required to perform movements
    • Smooth muscle characteristics:
      • None mentioned in the text

    Glial Cells

    • Astrocytes have bundles of intermediate filaments consisting of GAP (glial fibrillary acid protein).

    Neurons

    • Multipolar neurons are the most common type of neurons, found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, Purkinje cells, and sympathetic ganglion.
    • Sympathetic ganglion neurons are classified as multipolar based on the number of cell processes.

    Cardiac Cells

    • Purkinje fibers characteristics:
      • Pale-staining
      • Larger than adjacent contractile fibers
      • Sparse, peripheral myofibrils
      • Much glycogen

    Connective Tissue

    • Connective tissue proper is further divided based on the amount and arrangement of collagen fibers, cell, and ground substance.

    Tissue Repair

    • Fibroblasts are involved in tissue repair.

    Hand Muscles

    • Palmar interosseus muscles (3): ADduction (PAD)
    • Dorsal interosseus muscles (4): ABduction (DAB) - abduct the 2nd-4th digits from axial line

    Hand Compartment

    • Hypothenar compartment contains:
      • Opponens digiti minimi
      • Abductor digiti minimi
      • Flexor digiti minimi

    Fascial Space

    • Quadrangular space transmits the profunda brachii artery.

    Rotator Cuff Muscle

    • Rotator's Cuff Muscle (SITS): Supraspinatus - initiates and assists deltoid in abducting the arm.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the process of meiosis, including synapsis and crossover events, and their role in generating genetic diversity.

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