Genetics and Inheritance

Craniofacial anomalies and syndromes are passed down due to defects in the ______.

Recurrence of syndromes is variable and depends on the interaction of ______ and environmental factors.

DNA is located within the ______ of each cell and forms long polymers composed of purine and pyrimidine pairs.

What is the most common congenital defect of the face?

Specific genes are labeled by the chromosome number, arm, and band number to indicate their ______.

What is the recurrence risk for nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate for parents and child?

Chromosomes consist of 23 pairs, including 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of ______ chromosomes.

What is the difference in occurrence between cleft lip and cleft palate?

Trisomy is caused by gaining one extra copy of a chromosome, for a total of ______ chromosomes.

What is the treatment for clefts?

What is a submucous cleft?

Autosomal recessive traits manifest only when both copies of a gene are present, and autosomal dominant traits manifest when only one ______ of the gene is present.

X-linked inheritance disorders are caused by genes on the X chromosome and affect mostly ______.

What is the fourth most common birth defect?

Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

Craniofacial anomalies and syndromes are passed down due to defects in the genome.
Recurrence of syndromes is variable and depends on the interaction of genotype and environmental factors.
A cell contains organelles, a nucleus, and genetic instructions for cell and tissue functions.
DNA is located within the chromosomes of each cell and forms long polymers composed of purine and pyrimidine pairs.
Specific genes are labeled by the chromosome number, arm, and band number to indicate their location.
Chromosomes consist of 23 pairs, including 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
Trisomy is caused by gaining one extra copy of a chromosome, for a total of three chromosomes.
Autosomal recessive traits manifest only when both copies of a gene are present, and autosomal dominant traits manifest when only one allele of the gene is present.
X-linked inheritance disorders are caused by genes on the X chromosome and affect mostly males.
Multifactorial inheritance occurs when disorders result from an interaction of multiple genes with environmental influences.

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Multifactorial inheritance includes disorders resulting from an interaction of multiple genes with environmental influences.
Anticipation is a tendency in certain inherited disorders to have more severe manifestations or an earlier age of onset with succeeding generations.
Imprinting is the tendency for some genes to function differently, depending on whether they were inherited maternally or paternally.

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