Genetics and Heritability Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does heterosis refer to?

  • The phenomenon where the offspring of a single species exhibit greater fertility than both parents
  • The phenomenon where the offspring of crosses between species exhibit greater fertility than both parents (correct)
  • The phenomenon where the offspring of a single species exhibit decreased fertility compared to both parents
  • The phenomenon where the offspring of crosses within the same species exhibit greater fertility than both parents

    • What does heritability measure?

  • The potential for genetic mutations within a population
  • The influence of environmental factors on traits
  • Differences in traits within a single species
  • The extent to which genetics contribute to differences in traits (correct)

    • What is the selection differential (S) in the context of quantitative genetics?

  • The measurement of genetic variability within a population
  • The difference between the offspring's traits and the parents' traits
  • The ratio of heritability to response to selection
  • The difference between the trait mean after selection and the trait mean before selection (correct)

    • What does the response to selection (R) represent?

    <p>The survival and reproductive success determined by phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phenotypic selection (S) in quantitative genetics?

    <p>The determination of survival and reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is heritability (h2) calculated using the selection differential (S) and response to selection (R)?

    <p>S times R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the response to selection in quantitative genetics?

    <p>R = Gb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quantitative genetics, what does the term 'selection differential' represent?

    <p>The difference in the mean of a trait between selected and unselected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the workhorse equation for quantitative genetics?

    <p>R = h2 S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of quantitative genetics, what do correlated characters pose problems for?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using co-variances in quantitative genetics?

    <p>To determine the association between two traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to weight and height in quantitative genetics if there is a positive co-variance between them?

    <p>Both increase if one trait is selected for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation R = h2 S represent in quantitative genetics?

    <p>The response to selection with respect to genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quantitative genetics, what does the term 'narrow-sense heritability' refer to?

    <p>The proportion of total genetic variation that is due to additive genetic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of co-variation between traits in quantitative genetics?

    <p>To measure genetic correlations between traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do correlated characters pose problems in quantitative genetics?

    <p>They complicate natural selection processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation R=Gb represent in quantitative genetics?

    <p>The response to selection with respect to genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate source of variation according to the text?

    <p>Mutation-selection balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the coefficient of variation (CV) measure?

    <p>Dispersion around the mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the additive genetic variance to the total phenotypic variation called?

    <p>Heritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is common to maintain variation in a population?

    <p>Balancing selective forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms in a population called?

    <p>Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean called?

    <p>Coefficient of variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does frequency dependency selection look at?

    <p>Reproductive success due to frequency of morphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the partition of variance (Vp) represent?

    <p>Total phenotypic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of genetic variation due to genetic effects to total phenotypic variation called?

    <p>Heritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pleiotropy refer to?

    <p>Single gene affects multiple characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What explains the maintenance of both alleles in a population, as seen in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Balancing selective forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

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