Genetics Vocabulary Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does heterosis refer to?

Greater fertility than both parents in crosses between species (correct)
No fertility in crosses between species
Smaller fertility than both parents in crosses between species
Similar fertility as both parents in crosses between species

What is heritability a measure of?

Differences in traits due to the environment
Differences in traits due to random chance
Differences in traits due to diet
Differences in traits due to genes (correct)

What is the selection differential (S) in quantitative genetics?

The difference between the trait mean and the population mean
The difference between the trait mean and the response to selection
The difference between the genotype and phenotype
The difference between the trait mean after selection and before selection (correct)

What does the response to selection (R) depend on?

Selection differential (S) and heritability (h2) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is phenotypic selection (S) related to in quantitative genetics?

Trait values and fitness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does heritability (h2) represent in quantitative genetics?

The proportion of differences in traits due to genes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate source of variation in a population?

Mutation-selection balance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean called?

Coefficient of variation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the heritability measure?

Genetic variation due to genetic effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does frequency dependency selection refer to?

Declining reproductive success with increasing frequency of a morph (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms in a population called?

Polymorphism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most closely correlated to fitness and has strong heritability?

Life history traits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate source of variation that maintains both alleles in a population?

Mutation-selection balance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the balance between mutation and selection as a source of variation?

Mutation-selection balance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean used for comparing variability of traits?

Coefficient of variation (CV) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does pleiotropy refer to?

Single gene affects multiple characters (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the response to selection of a single trait?

R = h²S (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation R = Gb represent?

The selection response to a given gradient (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why might laying date remain fairly constant despite strong selection and climate change?

High heritability and selection but no change in the path taken (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the response to selection of multiple traits?

This equation was not provided in the text (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is no association in two traits?

Covariances become zero (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between weight and height if there is a positive covariance?

Weight increases when height increases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that influences the relative fitness of an organism according to the given text?

Selection differential (S) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the similarity of parents and offspring according to the given text?

Dispersal distance of chicks from parents (D) Signup and view all the answers

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