Genetics and Cell Biology Exam Review

<p>Lack of a membrane-bound nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify organisms based on a series of paired choices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on their heritable traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They introduce new genetic variations within a species, which selection operates on. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gene pool of a new isolated population changes due to being founded by a small group of individuals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change of allele frequencies in a population over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection involves selecting for certain traits by human choice, while natural selection is based on environmental pressures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bottleneck Effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consistent distribution of traits within all species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate the electrical impulse of heart contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type O blood only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the phenotype is a blend of both alleles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unaffected parents can have affected children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate gas exchange with surrounding tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

The process where nutrients from digested food pass from the small intestine into the bloodstream.

A group of organisms that share common characteristics and are able to reproduce.

Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

The process by which populations of organisms change over time.

Changes in the DNA sequence that can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring.

The process by which humans select and breed organisms for specific traits. Examples include dog breeds and agricultural crops.

The change in the frequency of alleles within a population over time. This can be caused by factors like mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection.

A change in the genetic makeup of a population that occurs when a small group of individuals colonize a new area.

A change in the genetic makeup of a population that occurs after a dramatic reduction in population size due to events like natural disasters or disease.

The formation of new species from an existing species. This can occur when populations become geographically isolated (allopatric speciation) or when reproductive barriers develop within a single population (sympatric speciation).

Mechanisms that prevent interbreeding between species. They can be prezygotic, preventing the formation of a zygote, or postzygotic, preventing the hybrid offspring from surviving or reproducing.

The complete set of genetic information in an organism, encompassing DNA molecules within chromosomes. It's like a blueprint for an organism, containing instructions for building and maintaining its life.

A thread-like structure found in the nucleus of most living cells, containing genetic material (DNA), and responsible for carrying and transmitting hereditary information.

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It is essential for growth, development, and repair of tissues in multicellular organisms.

The process of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ensuring genetic diversity in offspring.

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to increased genetic variation in offspring.

The physical characteristics of an organism.

The genetic makeup of an organism, which determines its traits.

The process of separating chromosomes during meiosis. It can also happen in mitosis.