Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait?
What is the term for an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait?
Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?
Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?
What is the expected outcome of a cross between a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual regarding their offspring?
What is the expected outcome of a cross between a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual regarding their offspring?
Which of the following statements about sex-linked genes is true?
Which of the following statements about sex-linked genes is true?
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What does nondisjunction refer to in the context of meiosis?
What does nondisjunction refer to in the context of meiosis?
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What does the term 'heterozygous' refer to?
What does the term 'heterozygous' refer to?
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Which of the following defines polygenic traits?
Which of the following defines polygenic traits?
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In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is characterized by which of the following?
In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is characterized by which of the following?
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What is meant by 'nondisjunction' during meiosis?
What is meant by 'nondisjunction' during meiosis?
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Which type of genes are likely to be inherited together due to their physical proximity on the same chromosome?
Which type of genes are likely to be inherited together due to their physical proximity on the same chromosome?
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A pedigree chart is primarily used to illustrate what aspect of genetics?
A pedigree chart is primarily used to illustrate what aspect of genetics?
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What is a diploid cell?
What is a diploid cell?
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What does the term 'codominant alleles' refer to?
What does the term 'codominant alleles' refer to?
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Study Notes
Alleles and Genotypes
- Alleles are different forms of a gene
- Heterozygous is an organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait
- Homozygous is an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
Scientists
- Gregor Mendel: Independent assortment: genes for different traits separate independently during gamete formation
- Incomplete dominance: heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes
Traits
- Allele: alternate forms of a gene
- Polygenic traits: one gene impacts a characteristic (ex: human skin color)
- Codominant alleles: both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals (ex: type AB blood)
- Diploid: a cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes (ex: human egg or sperm N=23)
- Haploid: a cell or organism that has one set of chromosomes
Linked Genes
- Linked genes: one gene on one chromosome; crossing over may be more or less frequent depending on their proximity
- Gene maps: based on the frequency of crossing over
- Probability: likelihood of an outcome (ex: 50:50 or 50% chance of flipping heads or tails)
Other Genetic Terms
- Sex-linked genes: a gene located on a sex chromosome (usually X or Y)
- Pedigrees: family tree on genetic traits (O is female, □ is male)
- Dominant allele: expressed after heterozygous or homozygous dominant
- Recessive allele: only expressed when homozygous recessive
- Nondisjunction: failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of alleles, genotypes, and the principles of inheritance as outlined by Gregor Mendel. It covers heterozygous and homozygous traits, polygenic characteristics, and linked genes. Test your understanding of genetic terminology and its applications in organisms.
