Genetics: Alleles, Genotypes, and Inheritance

More than two alleles exist for a single gene locus in a population.

A diagram that shows the order of genes on a chromosome based on recombination frequencies.

The total number of chromosomes in a somatic (non-sex) cell; represented as 2n.

Sex cells (sperm and egg in animals) that contain half the diploid number of chromosomes.

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes.

The principle that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

A chart used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a cross between two parents.

Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

Having two identical recessive alleles for a particular gene (e.g., aa).

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

The genetic makeup of an organism; the specific combination of alleles it possesses.

A form of inheritance where the heterozygous condition results in a blending of traits from both alleles.

A form of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygous individual are fully expressed, without one allele masking the other.

The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross between two parental (P) individuals.

The second generation of offspring resulting from a cross between individuals of the F1 generation.

An allele that masks the effect of another allele at the same locus.

An allele whose effect is masked by a dominant allele at the same locus.

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in recombinant chromosomes.

The ratio of different phenotypes observed in the offspring of a genetic cross.

The ratio of different genotypes observed in the offspring of a genetic cross.

A method used to determine the relative locations of genes on a chromosome based on recombination frequencies.

The tendency for alleles of genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together.

The offspring resulting from a cross between the parental generation.

The offspring resulting from a cross between individuals of the F1 generation.

The ratio or proportion of different phenotypes among the offspring of a cross.

A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

The separation of allele pairs during gamete formation.

The fundamental principles governing inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel.

Instances where inheritance patterns deviate from typical Mendelian ratios and expectations.

A form of inheritance where neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a blended phenotype in heterozygotes.

A form of inheritance where both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype of heterozygotes.

The existence of more than two alleles for a particular gene within a population.

Traits that are controlled by the interaction of multiple genes.

The influence of external factors on the expression of genes and resulting phenotypes.

States that one allele can mask the expression of another allele.

Allele pairs separate during gamete formation.

Genes for different traits assort independently during allele formation.

Used to predict the rations between genotypes and phenotypes.

Two identical alleles at a specific locus.

What you see physically, the outward expression of a genotype.

Cell division that produces haploid gametes.

Cell division that produces diploid daughter cells.

Cells with two sets of chromosomes.

Cells with one set of chromosomes.

Pollen transfer between two plants.

Homo chromosomes during meisosis.

Exchange of genetic material during meiosis.

Inherited together on the same chromosome.

Reproductive cells transfer to each gene for each allele.