Lecture 7
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about polymorphism is correct?

  • Polymorphism refers to a trait with a minor allele frequency of less than 1%.
  • Polymorphism refers to a trait that can only be studied in DNA.
  • Polymorphism refers to a trait controlled by a single locus with at least 2 alleles. (correct)
  • Polymorphism refers to a trait that affects disease susceptibility and drug responses.

    • Which blood type is the most common worldwide?

  • Type O (correct)
  • Type B
  • Type A
  • Type AB

    • How many alleles are there for the ABO gene?

  • 1 allele
  • 2 alleles
  • 4 alleles
  • 3 alleles (correct)

    • Which enzyme adds L-Fucose to the H precursor?

    <p>Glycosyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many SNPs are involved in the formation of A and B blood groups?

    <p>Seven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the 1 base deletion at cDNA 261 (G) in the cDNA for O type?

    <p>Frameshift and early termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RFLPs in DNA analysis?

    <p>Detect restriction enzyme digestion patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about polymorphisms in genetic variation?

    <p>Polymorphisms are defined as alleles with a frequency of at least 1% in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about ABO blood groups?

    <p>Type AB individuals have both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alleles are there for the ABO gene?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the ABO gene and its alleles?

    <p>The A allele codes for transferase A that recognizes N-acetylgalactosamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the H antigen?

    <p>It is the essential precursor for ABO antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are VNTRs used in DNA analysis?

    <p>To identify matches in DNA based on the number of repeats for various markers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of restriction enzymes in RFLP analysis?

    <p>To recognize and make cuts in DNA sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Polymorphism and ABO Blood Groups

    • Polymorphism refers to the existence of multiple forms of a gene or protein, leading to variations in a population.

    ABO Blood Groups

    • The most common blood type worldwide is Type O.
    • The ABO gene has three alleles: A, B, and O.
    • There are four possible blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.

    Formation of A and B Blood Groups

    • Two SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are involved in the formation of A and B blood groups.

    H Antigen and Fucose

    • The H antigen is the precursor to the A and B antigens.
    • The enzyme responsible for adding L-Fucose to the H precursor is Fucosyltransferase.

    Consequences of Genetic Mutations

    • A 1-base deletion at cDNA 261 (G) in the cDNA for O type leads to the loss of enzyme activity, resulting in the O blood type.

    RFLP Analysis and DNA Variation

    • RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) are used in DNA analysis to identify genetic variations.
    • RFLPs involve the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, resulting in distinct fragments that can be analyzed.
    • The role of restriction enzymes in RFLP analysis is to cut DNA at specific sites, allowing for the identification of genetic variations.

    VNTRs in DNA Analysis

    • VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats) are used in DNA analysis to identify genetic variations.
    • VNTRs involve the analysis of repeated DNA sequences that vary in length between individuals.

    Genetic Variation and Polymorphisms

    • Polymorphisms in genetic variation refer to the existence of multiple forms of a gene or protein, leading to variations in a population.
    • Genetic polymorphisms can result in differences in blood types, susceptibility to diseases, and response to medications.

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    Genetics Lecture 7

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