14 Questions
Which of the following statements about polymorphism is correct?
Polymorphism refers to a trait controlled by a single locus with at least 2 alleles.
Which blood type is the most common worldwide?
Type O
How many alleles are there for the ABO gene?
3 alleles
Which enzyme adds L-Fucose to the H precursor?
Glycosyltransferase
How many SNPs are involved in the formation of A and B blood groups?
Seven
What is the consequence of the 1 base deletion at cDNA 261 (G) in the cDNA for O type?
Frameshift and early termination
What is the role of RFLPs in DNA analysis?
Detect restriction enzyme digestion patterns
Which of the following is true about polymorphisms in genetic variation?
Polymorphisms are defined as alleles with a frequency of at least 1% in a population.
Which of the following is NOT true about ABO blood groups?
Type AB individuals have both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies.
How many alleles are there for the ABO gene?
3
Which of the following is true about the ABO gene and its alleles?
The A allele codes for transferase A that recognizes N-acetylgalactosamine.
Which of the following is true about the H antigen?
It is the essential precursor for ABO antigens.
How are VNTRs used in DNA analysis?
To identify matches in DNA based on the number of repeats for various markers.
What is the role of restriction enzymes in RFLP analysis?
To recognize and make cuts in DNA sequences.
Study Notes
Polymorphism and ABO Blood Groups
- Polymorphism refers to the existence of multiple forms of a gene or protein, leading to variations in a population.
ABO Blood Groups
- The most common blood type worldwide is Type O.
- The ABO gene has three alleles: A, B, and O.
- There are four possible blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.
Formation of A and B Blood Groups
- Two SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are involved in the formation of A and B blood groups.
H Antigen and Fucose
- The H antigen is the precursor to the A and B antigens.
- The enzyme responsible for adding L-Fucose to the H precursor is Fucosyltransferase.
Consequences of Genetic Mutations
- A 1-base deletion at cDNA 261 (G) in the cDNA for O type leads to the loss of enzyme activity, resulting in the O blood type.
RFLP Analysis and DNA Variation
- RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) are used in DNA analysis to identify genetic variations.
- RFLPs involve the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, resulting in distinct fragments that can be analyzed.
- The role of restriction enzymes in RFLP analysis is to cut DNA at specific sites, allowing for the identification of genetic variations.
VNTRs in DNA Analysis
- VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats) are used in DNA analysis to identify genetic variations.
- VNTRs involve the analysis of repeated DNA sequences that vary in length between individuals.
Genetic Variation and Polymorphisms
- Polymorphisms in genetic variation refer to the existence of multiple forms of a gene or protein, leading to variations in a population.
- Genetic polymorphisms can result in differences in blood types, susceptibility to diseases, and response to medications.
Genetics Lecture 7
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