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What is a key factor that influences the risk of disease in individuals with a genetic predisposition?
What is an example of single-gene inheritance of an abnormal gene product?
What is the name of the initiative that combines 50 research groups throughout the UK to study genetic susceptibility to diseases?
What is the term used to describe the study of genetic variation in disease risk?
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What is an example of a genetic variation that increases the risk of an infectious disease?
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What is the term used to describe the study of genetic variation in the immune response?
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What is the role of host genetic factors in determining susceptibility to major infectious diseases?
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How many genes have been identified to have a major effect on infectious disease susceptibility in humans?
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Which of the following genes has shown association with viral clearance and response to treatment in Hepatitis C?
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What is the association between HLA-B*5701 and HIV in European populations?
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What is the role of SLC6A20 in COVID-19?
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What is the association between blood group O and COVID-19?
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What is the name of the gene that plays a major role in viral control in African-American populations in the context of HIV?
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What is the name of the gene that encodes the chemokine receptors associated with COVID-19?
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What is the primary goal of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in chronic diseases?
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Pharmacogenomics focuses on the role of genetic variation in influencing the response to what?
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What is a major factor in determining an individual's susceptibility to infectious diseases?
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Which of the following is a key aspect of genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases?
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According to the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, what is the scope of the genome-wide association study?
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Which of the following is a reference text that provides information on the genetic aspects of disease?
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Study Notes
Genetic Susceptibility to Infectious Disease
- Host genetic factors play a major role in determining differential susceptibility to major infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and invasive pneumococcal disease.
- Six genes have been identified as having a major effect on infectious disease susceptibility in humans.
Genetic Variants with Major Effect on Infectious Disease Susceptibility
- GWA studies have identified susceptibility loci for chronic infections such as leprosy and chronic hepatitis B virus.
- Specific genetic variants associated with infectious diseases include:
- Leprosy: SNPs in genes CCDC122, C13orf31, NOD2, TNFSF15, HLA-DR, and RIPK2.
- Hepatitis C: IL-28B gene variant associated with viral clearance and response to treatment.
- HIV: HLA-B5701 variant associated with a protective effect in European populations, and HLA-B5703 variant associated with viral control in African-American populations.
- COVID-19: Blood group O associated with a lower risk, blood group A associated with a higher risk, and genetic variants in SLC6A20, CCR9, and CXCR6 genes.
From Genetic Susceptibility to Disease
- Having a genetic predisposition to a disease does not guarantee development of the disease.
- Multiple factors, including other genetic factors, lifestyle, and environmental factors, can influence the risk of disease.
Main Mechanisms of Genetic Susceptibility
- Single-gene inheritance of an abnormal gene product.
- Inheritance of a single polymorphism.
- Inheritance of several single-gene polymorphisms.
Examples of Genetic Predisposition
- Familial hypercholesterolemia and early coronary artery disease due to a mutation in the FH gene.
- Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity and alcoholism.
- Antigens of the major histocompatibility complex and Diabetes Mellitus Type I.
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Description
This quiz explores the role of host genetic factors in determining susceptibility to infectious diseases, including malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis.
