Genetic Processes of Ore Formation Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the key process involved in the migration of hydrothermal fluids in ore formation?

  • Percolation through any type of rock
  • Fluid flow along interconnected cracks and fractures (correct)
  • Sudden expulsion from the volcanic system
  • Random dispersion throughout the rock matrix
  • In hydrothermal systems, the geometry of ore bodies is primarily dependent on:

  • The type of hydraulic equipment used in the process
  • The geometry of the fluid conduits (correct)
  • The size of the mineral grains within the ore
  • The color of the surrounding rocks
  • What type of structures are preferred for fluid focussing in ore formation?

  • Flat, horizontal layers of rocks
  • Mountainous terrain
  • Shear zones, faults, breccias, and stockworks (correct)
  • Rounded boulders
  • What factor plays a significant role in concentrating dissolved constituents into a portion of the Earth's crust for ore formation?

    <p>Rock strength and structural conduits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flow helps define the geometry of the orebody in hydrothermal systems?

    <p>Focused flow through restricted channel ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines the migration of fluid along shear zones to provide geometric focusing and enhanced fluid interaction?

    <p>Kilometre-scale migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving mechanism for fluid migration in hydrothermal systems?

    <p>Temperature gradient (convection)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fluid convection around a magmatic intrusion occur?

    <p>Driven by heat anomaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the precipitation of metals from hydrothermal fluids?

    <p>Reduction in solubility of the metal-ligand complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for extracting metals from hydrothermal fluids?

    <p>Destabilizing the metal-ligand complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to fluid migration in hydrothermal systems due to rock deformation?

    <p>Tectonic stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the metal to be deposited in the host rock in hydrothermal systems?

    <p>Destabilization of the metal-ligand complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in the loss of volatiles like CH4 and CO2 in hydrothermal systems?

    <p>Boiling and effervescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reduction mechanism causes reduced volatile species to partition more readily into the vapor phase?

    <p>2H2O + CO2 = 2O2 + CH4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in the pH of the residual fluid indicate in hydrothermal systems?

    <p>Loss of volatiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rapid pressure releases occur in hydrothermal systems?

    <p>Hydraulic fracturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to an increase in the oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the fluid in hydrothermal systems?

    <p>Oxidation of the fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the ratio of SO4 to H2S (SO4²⁻/HS⁻ ratio) in the residual ore fluid?

    <p>Oxidation of the fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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