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Genetic Mutations: Start Codons, Stop Codons, and Point Mutations

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Genetic Mutations: Start Codons, Stop Codons, and Point Mutations

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the start codon AUG in protein synthesis?

It indicates a frameshift mutation

It marks the end of the polypeptide chain

It codes for the amino acid threonine

It signals the beginning of the protein sequence (correct)

Which type of mutation changes a single nucleotide in the DNA template, potentially leading to the production of an abnormal protein?

Point mutation (correct)

Silent mutation

Frameshift mutation

Nonsense mutation

What is the effect of a silent mutation on the resulting protein?

It changes the amino acid sequence of the protein

It has no effect on the amino acid produced by the codon (correct)

It leads to the production of a non-functional protein

It causes a frameshift in the reading frame

Which type of mutation typically has a more disastrous effect on the resulting protein compared to substitutions?

Insertion and deletion mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stop codons is found at the end of a protein (polypeptide chain)?

UAA Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a missense mutation on the resulting protein?

It still codes for an amino acid, but not the correct one Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk associated with cloning?

High cost of cloning Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at a specific code?

Restriction enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of gene splicing?

Production of cheaper insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a bacterial plasmid in gene splicing?

Circular DNA in a bacterial cell Signup and view all the answers

What does transformation refer to in genetic engineering?

The transfer of genes between different organisms Signup and view all the answers

What are transgenic organisms?

Organisms with human DNA transferred to them Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of gel electrophoresis?

To analyze DNA from two or more organisms Signup and view all the answers

How are fragments of DNA separated in gel electrophoresis?

By applying electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of viruses in genetic engineering?

To insert good genes Signup and view all the answers

Which technique creates organisms with recombinant DNA?

Gene splicing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of gene splicing in genetic engineering?

To combine DNA from at least two organisms Signup and view all the answers

Why does DNA move during gel electrophoresis?

Due to having a negative charge Signup and view all the answers