18 Questions
What is the function of the start codon AUG in protein synthesis?
It signals the beginning of the protein sequence
Which type of mutation changes a single nucleotide in the DNA template, potentially leading to the production of an abnormal protein?
Point mutation
What is the effect of a silent mutation on the resulting protein?
It has no effect on the amino acid produced by the codon
Which type of mutation typically has a more disastrous effect on the resulting protein compared to substitutions?
Insertion and deletion mutations
Which of the following stop codons is found at the end of a protein (polypeptide chain)?
UAA
What is the effect of a missense mutation on the resulting protein?
It still codes for an amino acid, but not the correct one
What is a risk associated with cloning?
High cost of cloning
Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at a specific code?
Restriction enzyme
What is the main benefit of gene splicing?
Production of cheaper insulin
What is the function of a bacterial plasmid in gene splicing?
Circular DNA in a bacterial cell
What does transformation refer to in genetic engineering?
The transfer of genes between different organisms
What are transgenic organisms?
Organisms with human DNA transferred to them
What is the main purpose of gel electrophoresis?
To analyze DNA from two or more organisms
How are fragments of DNA separated in gel electrophoresis?
By applying electricity
What is the role of viruses in genetic engineering?
To insert good genes
Which technique creates organisms with recombinant DNA?
Gene splicing
What is the main purpose of gene splicing in genetic engineering?
To combine DNA from at least two organisms
Why does DNA move during gel electrophoresis?
Due to having a negative charge
Test your knowledge on genetic mutations including start codons (AUG), stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA), and point mutations which involve changes in a single base pair of a gene. Explore how nucleotide-pair substitutions can lead to the production of abnormal proteins.
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