12 Questions
What is the consequence of a frameshift mutation?
All subsequent codons are affected
What is the result of a silent mutation?
No change in the protein produced
How are frameshift mutations different from point mutations?
Point mutations involve only single base changes
What happens to a gene if a frameshift mutation occurs?
The protein may not be produced correctly or at all
Why do silent mutations often go unnoticed?
The end product remains the same
How do deletion and insertion mutations differ from silent mutations?
They shift all subsequent codons, affecting the protein
What is the effect of deleting three bases from a gene?
Results in missing one amino acid from the protein
How does a frameshift mutation differ from a point deletion mutation?
Frameshift mutations shift the reading frame of codons, while point deletions remove individual bases
Which type of chromosomal mutation involves doubling a part of the chromosome?
Duplication
What is the impact of inversions and translocations on chromosomes?
Often maintain normal function
Why can chromosomal rearrangements cause disorders in subsequent generations?
Disrupt normal chromosome pairing during meiosis
How do large-scale mutations differ from point mutations?
Large-scale mutations involve a greater amount of genetic material than point mutations
Study Notes
Silent Mutations
- A silent mutation occurs when a base substitution does not change the amino acid it codes for
- This is because multiple base groups can code for the same amino acid
- For example, both AAA and AAG code for lysine, so a mutation from A to G would not affect the protein
Frameshift Mutations
- Deletion and insertion mutations cause the remaining bases in the gene to shift, affecting subsequent codons
- This can have severe consequences, such as a protein that is not made or does not function correctly
- Frameshift mutations occur when the addition or deletion of a single base or bases in numbers not divisible by three causes a shift in codons
- Inserting or deleting bases in numbers divisible by three does not cause a frameshift mutation
Large-Scale Mutations
- Large-scale mutations affect a greater amount of genetic material than point mutations and often affect more than one gene
- These mutations are called chromosomal mutations and include four types: deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation
- Deletion involves the loss of part of a chromosome, while duplication involves the doubling of part of a chromosome
- Inversion occurs when a segment of a chromosome is rotated in the wrong direction, and translocation involves the transfer of a segment to a non-homologous chromosome
- Inversions and translocations do not result in a loss or gain of genetic material, but can cause disorders in subsequent generations due to interference with proper chromosome pairing during meiosis
Test your knowledge on genetic mutations and silent mutations where multiple base groups can code for the same amino acid, resulting in no change to the protein. Learn about silent mutations that occur when one base is substituted for another, but the same amino acid is still produced.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
