Genetic Mutations and Molecular Genetics
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

  • Produce energy for protein synthesis
  • Bind to DNA in the nucleus
  • Bring amino acids to the ribosome (correct)
  • Transcribe mRNA into proteins

    • Where is the anticodon region located on a tRNA molecule?

  • At one end of the tRNA molecule (correct)
  • At the middle of the tRNA molecule
  • At both ends of the tRNA molecule
  • Within the attachment site for amino acids

    • What is the role of codons in mRNA?

  • Facilitate tRNA attachment
  • Regulate gene expression
  • Control ribosome movement
  • Code for specific amino acids (correct)

    • Which codon serves as the start codon for protein synthesis?

    <p>AUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many possible codons exist in the genetic code?

    <p>64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

    <p>Protein synthesis stops and chain is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of frameshift mutations?

    <p>Alteration of the reading frame of the genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Insertions and Deletions (Indels) involve?

    <p>Addition or removal of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do geneticists who specialize in studying genes and DNA focus on?

    <p>Genetic inheritance and expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can genetic engineering benefit agriculture?

    <p>Modifying crops to be resistant to pests and diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one application of genetic engineering in medicine?

    <p>Producing important drugs like insulin for diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is genetic engineering applied in biotechnology?

    <p>Creating organisms for pollution cleanup and material production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of gene expression profiling?

    <p>Understanding disease mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sanger sequencing work?

    <p>It involves incorporating chain-terminating nucleotides to determine the sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are oncogenes primarily responsible for?

    <p>Promoting cell growth and division when mutated or activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA sequencing technique allows for the fastest and most cost-effective sequencing?

    <p>Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of Third-Generation Sequencing technologies like single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing?

    <p>Longer read lengths and reduced sample preparation requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of genetic makeup do techniques like DNA sequencing help scientists understand?

    <p>Both chromosomal rearrangements and gene expression patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Abnormal hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory technique is used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue or cell lysate?

    <p>Western blotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tumor suppressor genes help regulate?

    <p>Cell growth and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inheritance pattern of sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Autosomal recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system can cystic fibrosis (CF) also affect, besides the respiratory system?

    <p>Reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle on which gel electrophoresis relies?

    <p>Molecular weight and charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does translation take place in the cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA molecules in translation?

    <p>Bind to the mRNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the process of translation?

    <p>Initiation complex at start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during elongation in translation?

    <p>Polypeptide chain elongates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does termination occur in translation?

    <p>When a stop codon is encountered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a release factor during translation termination?

    <p>Cause release of polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

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