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Gene Mutations and Their Effects

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of tRNA anticodons in translation?

They unwind the DNA double helix.
They create hydrogen bonds between nucleotides.
They attach to mRNA codons to bring the corresponding amino acid. (correct)
They synthesize new DNA strands.

During translation, what is the main function of amino acids?

To act as enzymes for DNA replication.
To form hydrogen bonds with DNA strands.
To build proteins based on the mRNA sequence. (correct)
To determine the genetic code.

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of mutations?

Healthy lifestyle choices. (correct)
Exposure to mutagenic chemicals or radiation.
Environmental factors.
Errors during DNA replication.

What happens when a mutation alters the DNA sequence in a gene?

The gene may produce a non-functional protein or an abnormal protein. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation results in the substitution of one nucleotide base for another?

Substitution mutation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a deletion mutation and an insertion mutation?

Deletion removes a nucleotide, while insertion adds an extra nucleotide. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to or removed from the DNA sequence?

Frameshift mutation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a missense mutation?

A mutation that causes a different amino acid to be incorporated into the protein. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a silent mutation?

A mutation with no effect on the protein product. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation can change multiple codons following the mutation point?

Frameshift mutation (B) Signup and view all the answers