72 Questions
What is the primary role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
To seal the bonds between restriction fragments
What is the result of a restriction enzyme cutting DNA molecules?
Formation of complementary sticky ends
What is the purpose of inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?
To clone the gene of interest
What is the role of bacterial cells in genetic engineering?
To host the cloned gene and form a clone of cells containing the gene
What is the application of genetic engineering in medicine?
To dissolve blood clots in heart attack therapy
What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
To cut DNA molecules at specific restriction sites
What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?
To cut DNA molecules at specific sites
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in analyzing nucleic acids?
To separate DNA molecules based on size
What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system used for?
To edit genes and genomes in living cells and organisms
What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?
Short tandem repeats (STRs)
What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
To amplify specific DNA sequences
What is the result of analyzing an individual's unique set of genetic markers?
A genetic profile
What is the purpose of the restriction enzyme in DNA manipulation?
To cut the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA
What is the key enzyme in the PCR process?
Taq polymerase
What is the main purpose of the PCR process?
To amplify a specific target segment of DNA
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA manipulation?
To seal the strands of DNA
What is required for the PCR process?
A double-stranded DNA template, heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and all four nucleotides
What is the result of the PCR process after 30 cycles?
Approximately 1 billion copies of the DNA molecule
What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology applications?
To separate nucleic acids or proteins by size
What is a potential limitation of PCR amplification?
It occasionally incorporates errors into the amplified strands
What is the purpose of nucleic acid probes in analyzing gene expression?
To detect mRNA molecules
What is the result of PCR amplification after 30 cycles?
Approximately 1 billion copies of the target sequence
What is the purpose of annealing in PCR amplification?
To bind primers to the target sequence
What is the primary advantage of PCR amplification over gene cloning in cells?
PCR amplification is faster and more convenient
What is the purpose of reverse transcriptase in RT-PCR?
To synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of each mRNA
What is the main purpose of running PCR products on a gel?
To determine which samples expressed the gene of interest
What type of dyes are attached to probes in in situ hybridization?
Fluorescent
What is the purpose of using different fluorescent dyes in in situ hybridization?
To distinguish between different probes
What is the role of DNA polymerase in RT-PCR?
To synthesize a second DNA strand, complementary to the first
What can be compared using RT-PCR?
The expression of mRNA in several samples
What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?
To cut DNA molecules at specific sites
What is the purpose of inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?
To clone the gene in a bacterial plasmid
What is the role of gel electrophoresis in analyzing nucleic acids?
To separate and visualize DNA molecules based on size
What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
To amplify specific DNA sequences
What is the application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
Gene editing
What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?
Short tandem repeats (STRs)
What is a major application of genetic engineering in medicine?
Treatment of stunted growth
What is the purpose of gene cloning?
To make copies of a gene
What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
To cut DNA molecules at specific sites
What is a potential application of genetic engineering in agriculture?
Development of pest-resistant crops
What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?
To carry genes of interest into host cells
What is a potential application of genetic engineering in environmental cleanup?
Cleaning up toxic waste
What is the primary purpose of analyzing an individual's genetic profile?
To identify the individual with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases
What type of DNA sequences are analyzed by PCR and gel electrophoresis?
Short tandem repeats (STRs)
What is the purpose of the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
To edit genes and genomes in living cells and organisms
What is the advantage of using PCR in biotechnology applications?
It is a rapid and sensitive method for amplifying DNA sequences
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology applications?
To separate and analyze nucleic acids based on their size
What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?
Short tandem repeats (STRs)
What is the primary purpose of DNA cloning in biotechnology?
To create multiple copies of a particular gene and produce a protein product
What type of DNA molecules are used as vectors in gene cloning?
Plasmids
What is the outcome of reproducing a recombinant plasmid in a bacterial cell?
Cloning of the plasmid including the foreign DNA
What is the significance of gene cloning in biotechnology?
It enables the production of multiple copies of a specific gene
What is the role of plasmids in DNA cloning?
To clone a foreign gene
What is the outcome of gene cloning in biotechnology?
Production of multiple copies of a specific gene
What is the purpose of gene cloning?
To create multiple copies of a gene
What is a plasmid used for in gene cloning?
To clone a foreign gene
What is the result of reproducing a recombinant plasmid in a bacterial cell?
Cloning of the plasmid
What is a recombinant DNA molecule?
A DNA molecule from two different sources
What is the purpose of inserting DNA into a plasmid?
To clone a gene
What is the product of gene cloning?
Multiple copies of a gene
What is the type of genetic markers commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?
Short tandem repeats (STRs)
What is the purpose of analyzing an individual's unique set of genetic markers?
To identify individuals with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases
What is the technique used to modify genes in living cells and organisms?
CRISPR-Cas9 system
What type of DNA sequences are analyzed by PCR and gel electrophoresis?
Short tandem repeats (STRs)
What is the purpose of analyzing genetic profiles?
To identify individuals with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases
What is the type of genetic markers that are among the most useful?
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
What is the purpose of cutting DNA molecules with a restriction enzyme?
To create a sticky end for ligation
What is the role of the 15-20 nucleotide long ssDNA primers in PCR?
To anneal to the target sequence and initiate DNA synthesis
What is the result of the first cycle of PCR?
Two copies of the target sequence are produced
What is the function of Taq polymerase in PCR?
To synthesize new DNA strands at high temperatures
What is the purpose of heating the DNA molecules in PCR?
To denature the DNA molecules and allow primers to bind
What is the result of multiple cycles of PCR?
An exponential increase in the number of copies of the target sequence
Explore the methods of creating recombinant DNA, a crucial aspect of genetic engineering, and its applications in biotechnology. Learn about gene cloning and its uses.
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