Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

  • To express proteins from cloned genes
  • To cut DNA molecules at specific restriction sites
  • To seal the bonds between restriction fragments (correct)
  • To amplify specific DNA sequences

What is the result of a restriction enzyme cutting DNA molecules?

  • Expression of proteins from cloned genes
  • Sealing of bonds between DNA fragments
  • Amplification of specific DNA sequences
  • Formation of complementary sticky ends (correct)

What is the purpose of inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?

  • To analyze the gene expression of the gene of interest
  • To sequence the gene of interest
  • To express proteins from the gene of interest
  • To clone the gene of interest (correct)

What is the role of bacterial cells in genetic engineering?

<p>To host the cloned gene and form a clone of cells containing the gene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of genetic engineering in medicine?

<p>To dissolve blood clots in heart attack therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

<p>To cut DNA molecules at specific restriction sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

<p>To cut DNA molecules at specific sites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in analyzing nucleic acids?

<p>To separate DNA molecules based on size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system used for?

<p>To edit genes and genomes in living cells and organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

<p>Short tandem repeats (STRs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

<p>To amplify specific DNA sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of analyzing an individual's unique set of genetic markers?

<p>A genetic profile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the restriction enzyme in DNA manipulation?

<p>To cut the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key enzyme in the PCR process?

<p>Taq polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the PCR process?

<p>To amplify a specific target segment of DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA manipulation?

<p>To seal the strands of DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the PCR process?

<p>A double-stranded DNA template, heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and all four nucleotides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the PCR process after 30 cycles?

<p>Approximately 1 billion copies of the DNA molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology applications?

<p>To separate nucleic acids or proteins by size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of PCR amplification?

<p>It occasionally incorporates errors into the amplified strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nucleic acid probes in analyzing gene expression?

<p>To detect mRNA molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of PCR amplification after 30 cycles?

<p>Approximately 1 billion copies of the target sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of annealing in PCR amplification?

<p>To bind primers to the target sequence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of PCR amplification over gene cloning in cells?

<p>PCR amplification is faster and more convenient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reverse transcriptase in RT-PCR?

<p>To synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of each mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of running PCR products on a gel?

<p>To determine which samples expressed the gene of interest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dyes are attached to probes in in situ hybridization?

<p>Fluorescent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using different fluorescent dyes in in situ hybridization?

<p>To distinguish between different probes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA polymerase in RT-PCR?

<p>To synthesize a second DNA strand, complementary to the first (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be compared using RT-PCR?

<p>The expression of mRNA in several samples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

<p>To cut DNA molecules at specific sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?

<p>To clone the gene in a bacterial plasmid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gel electrophoresis in analyzing nucleic acids?

<p>To separate and visualize DNA molecules based on size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

<p>To amplify specific DNA sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system?

<p>Gene editing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

<p>Short tandem repeats (STRs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major application of genetic engineering in medicine?

<p>Treatment of stunted growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gene cloning?

<p>To make copies of a gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

<p>To cut DNA molecules at specific sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential application of genetic engineering in agriculture?

<p>Development of pest-resistant crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?

<p>To carry genes of interest into host cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential application of genetic engineering in environmental cleanup?

<p>Cleaning up toxic waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of analyzing an individual's genetic profile?

<p>To identify the individual with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of DNA sequences are analyzed by PCR and gel electrophoresis?

<p>Short tandem repeats (STRs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CRISPR-Cas9 system?

<p>To edit genes and genomes in living cells and organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using PCR in biotechnology applications?

<p>It is a rapid and sensitive method for amplifying DNA sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology applications?

<p>To separate and analyze nucleic acids based on their size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

<p>Short tandem repeats (STRs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of DNA cloning in biotechnology?

<p>To create multiple copies of a particular gene and produce a protein product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of DNA molecules are used as vectors in gene cloning?

<p>Plasmids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of reproducing a recombinant plasmid in a bacterial cell?

<p>Cloning of the plasmid including the foreign DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of gene cloning in biotechnology?

<p>It enables the production of multiple copies of a specific gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmids in DNA cloning?

<p>To clone a foreign gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of gene cloning in biotechnology?

<p>Production of multiple copies of a specific gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gene cloning?

<p>To create multiple copies of a gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a plasmid used for in gene cloning?

<p>To clone a foreign gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of reproducing a recombinant plasmid in a bacterial cell?

<p>Cloning of the plasmid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recombinant DNA molecule?

<p>A DNA molecule from two different sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inserting DNA into a plasmid?

<p>To clone a gene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of gene cloning?

<p>Multiple copies of a gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of genetic markers commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

<p>Short tandem repeats (STRs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of analyzing an individual's unique set of genetic markers?

<p>To identify individuals with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique used to modify genes in living cells and organisms?

<p>CRISPR-Cas9 system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of DNA sequences are analyzed by PCR and gel electrophoresis?

<p>Short tandem repeats (STRs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of analyzing genetic profiles?

<p>To identify individuals with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of genetic markers that are among the most useful?

<p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cutting DNA molecules with a restriction enzyme?

<p>To create a sticky end for ligation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 15-20 nucleotide long ssDNA primers in PCR?

<p>To anneal to the target sequence and initiate DNA synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the first cycle of PCR?

<p>Two copies of the target sequence are produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Taq polymerase in PCR?

<p>To synthesize new DNA strands at high temperatures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of heating the DNA molecules in PCR?

<p>To denature the DNA molecules and allow primers to bind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of multiple cycles of PCR?

<p>An exponential increase in the number of copies of the target sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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