Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

  • To express proteins from cloned genes
  • To cut DNA molecules at specific restriction sites
  • To seal the bonds between restriction fragments (correct)
  • To amplify specific DNA sequences

    • What is the result of a restriction enzyme cutting DNA molecules?

  • Expression of proteins from cloned genes
  • Sealing of bonds between DNA fragments
  • Amplification of specific DNA sequences
  • Formation of complementary sticky ends (correct)

    • What is the purpose of inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?

  • To analyze the gene expression of the gene of interest
  • To sequence the gene of interest
  • To express proteins from the gene of interest
  • To clone the gene of interest (correct)

    • What is the role of bacterial cells in genetic engineering?

    <p>To host the cloned gene and form a clone of cells containing the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of genetic engineering in medicine?

    <p>To dissolve blood clots in heart attack therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

    <p>To cut DNA molecules at specific restriction sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To cut DNA molecules at specific sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in analyzing nucleic acids?

    <p>To separate DNA molecules based on size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system used for?

    <p>To edit genes and genomes in living cells and organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

    <p>Short tandem repeats (STRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

    <p>To amplify specific DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of analyzing an individual's unique set of genetic markers?

    <p>A genetic profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the restriction enzyme in DNA manipulation?

    <p>To cut the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key enzyme in the PCR process?

    <p>Taq polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the PCR process?

    <p>To amplify a specific target segment of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA manipulation?

    <p>To seal the strands of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the PCR process?

    <p>A double-stranded DNA template, heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and all four nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the PCR process after 30 cycles?

    <p>Approximately 1 billion copies of the DNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology applications?

    <p>To separate nucleic acids or proteins by size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of PCR amplification?

    <p>It occasionally incorporates errors into the amplified strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of nucleic acid probes in analyzing gene expression?

    <p>To detect mRNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of PCR amplification after 30 cycles?

    <p>Approximately 1 billion copies of the target sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of annealing in PCR amplification?

    <p>To bind primers to the target sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of PCR amplification over gene cloning in cells?

    <p>PCR amplification is faster and more convenient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reverse transcriptase in RT-PCR?

    <p>To synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of each mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of running PCR products on a gel?

    <p>To determine which samples expressed the gene of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dyes are attached to probes in in situ hybridization?

    <p>Fluorescent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using different fluorescent dyes in in situ hybridization?

    <p>To distinguish between different probes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase in RT-PCR?

    <p>To synthesize a second DNA strand, complementary to the first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be compared using RT-PCR?

    <p>The expression of mRNA in several samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To cut DNA molecules at specific sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?

    <p>To clone the gene in a bacterial plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gel electrophoresis in analyzing nucleic acids?

    <p>To separate and visualize DNA molecules based on size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

    <p>To amplify specific DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system?

    <p>Gene editing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

    <p>Short tandem repeats (STRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major application of genetic engineering in medicine?

    <p>Treatment of stunted growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gene cloning?

    <p>To make copies of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

    <p>To cut DNA molecules at specific sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application of genetic engineering in agriculture?

    <p>Development of pest-resistant crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?

    <p>To carry genes of interest into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application of genetic engineering in environmental cleanup?

    <p>Cleaning up toxic waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of analyzing an individual's genetic profile?

    <p>To identify the individual with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA sequences are analyzed by PCR and gel electrophoresis?

    <p>Short tandem repeats (STRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CRISPR-Cas9 system?

    <p>To edit genes and genomes in living cells and organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using PCR in biotechnology applications?

    <p>It is a rapid and sensitive method for amplifying DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology applications?

    <p>To separate and analyze nucleic acids based on their size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic markers are commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

    <p>Short tandem repeats (STRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of DNA cloning in biotechnology?

    <p>To create multiple copies of a particular gene and produce a protein product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA molecules are used as vectors in gene cloning?

    <p>Plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of reproducing a recombinant plasmid in a bacterial cell?

    <p>Cloning of the plasmid including the foreign DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of gene cloning in biotechnology?

    <p>It enables the production of multiple copies of a specific gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasmids in DNA cloning?

    <p>To clone a foreign gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of gene cloning in biotechnology?

    <p>Production of multiple copies of a specific gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gene cloning?

    <p>To create multiple copies of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plasmid used for in gene cloning?

    <p>To clone a foreign gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reproducing a recombinant plasmid in a bacterial cell?

    <p>Cloning of the plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recombinant DNA molecule?

    <p>A DNA molecule from two different sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inserting DNA into a plasmid?

    <p>To clone a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of gene cloning?

    <p>Multiple copies of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of genetic markers commonly used in forensic evidence and paternity cases?

    <p>Short tandem repeats (STRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analyzing an individual's unique set of genetic markers?

    <p>To identify individuals with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique used to modify genes in living cells and organisms?

    <p>CRISPR-Cas9 system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA sequences are analyzed by PCR and gel electrophoresis?

    <p>Short tandem repeats (STRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analyzing genetic profiles?

    <p>To identify individuals with a high degree of certainty in criminal and paternity cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of genetic markers that are among the most useful?

    <p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cutting DNA molecules with a restriction enzyme?

    <p>To create a sticky end for ligation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 15-20 nucleotide long ssDNA primers in PCR?

    <p>To anneal to the target sequence and initiate DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the first cycle of PCR?

    <p>Two copies of the target sequence are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Taq polymerase in PCR?

    <p>To synthesize new DNA strands at high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heating the DNA molecules in PCR?

    <p>To denature the DNA molecules and allow primers to bind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of multiple cycles of PCR?

    <p>An exponential increase in the number of copies of the target sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

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