Genetic Engineering Historical Development
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe when there are no physical barriers preventing members of a species from mating with one another?

  • Artificial speciation
  • Sympatric speciation (correct)
  • Allopatric speciation
  • Embryology
  • Which of the following is an example of artificial speciation?

  • The identification and description of body structures
  • The formation, growth, and development of organisms
  • The creation of new species by people through lab experiments (correct)
  • The development of a new species based on a different food source or characteristic
  • What does embryology deal with?

  • The creation of new species by people
  • The development of a new species based on a different food source or characteristic
  • The formation, growth, and development of organisms (correct)
  • The identification and description of body structures
  • What suggests that closely related organisms share a common ancestor?

    <p>The physical similarities they exhibit before they are even born</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the identification and description of the body structures called?

    <p>Anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the term 'genetic engineering' specifically refer to in the latter part of the 20th century?

    <p>Techniques of recombinant DNA technology and gene cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first used the term 'genetic engineering' in a science-fiction novel?

    <p>Jack Williamson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key discovery that enabled the development of recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>The discovery of restriction enzymes by Werner Arber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key contribution of Daniel Nathans to the development of genetic engineering?

    <p>He helped advance the technique of DNA recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key contribution of Hamilton O. Smith to the development of genetic engineering?

    <p>He purified so-called type II restriction enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the first to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes into E.coli bacteria?

    <p>Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general name for a piece of DNA created by combining at least two fragments from two different sources?

    <p>Recombinant DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of gene transfer employs electroporation, viral vector-mediated gene transfer, liposome-mediated gene transfer, and transposon-mediated gene transfer?

    <p>Gene Delivering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic example of a genetically modified tomato species created using antisense RNA technology in 1994?

    <p>Flavr Savr tomato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetic engineering, what is inserted into the bacterial or yeast cell to produce artificial insulin?

    <p>Recombinant Plasmid DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene-editing tool is known as 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats'?

    <p>CRISPR-CAS9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of genetically modified crops such as cotton, corn, and soybeans using rDNA technology?

    <p>Improved quality and economic importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic engineering technique involves editing the genome to remove undesired DNA sequences or insert new genes into the host genome?

    <p>Gene Editing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetically modified microorganisms capable of degrading toxins are primarily used for:

    <p>Destroying harmful pathogens and pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gene therapy or gene transfer techniques in genetic engineering?

    <p>Curing inherited genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>A cladogram represents a hypothesis, while a phylogenetic tree represents the true evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the branch lengths in a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree represent?

    <p>In a cladogram, branch lengths are arbitrary, while in a phylogenetic tree, they indicate the amount of character change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic idea behind cladistics?

    <p>Members of a group share a common evolutionary history and are more closely related to each other than to other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are synapomorphies in the context of cladistics?

    <p>Shared derived characteristics that are unique to a group of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the basic assumptions in phylogeny and cladistics?

    <p>Any group of organisms is related by descent from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accepted pattern of evolution for new kinds of organisms?

    <p>A bifurcating pattern, where new kinds of organisms evolve when existing species divide into two groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of genetically modifying crops and animals?

    <p>To make them more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a drawback of genetic engineering mentioned in the passage?

    <p>Improved nutritional value of the food product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major event in the Earth's history led to the rise of animal life?

    <p>The increase in atmospheric oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological period is known for the rise of the first land-living arthropods?

    <p>Devonian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the dominant life form during the Mesozoic Era?

    <p>Dinosaurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major subdivision of the Geological Time Scale?

    <p>Millennia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms was NOT present during the Paleozoic Era?

    <p>Dinosaurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events led to the Permian mass extinction?

    <p>Not enough information provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

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