34 Questions
What is the term used to describe when there are no physical barriers preventing members of a species from mating with one another?
Sympatric speciation
Which of the following is an example of artificial speciation?
The creation of new species by people through lab experiments
What does embryology deal with?
The formation, growth, and development of organisms
What suggests that closely related organisms share a common ancestor?
The physical similarities they exhibit before they are even born
What is the study of the identification and description of the body structures called?
Anatomy
What did the term 'genetic engineering' specifically refer to in the latter part of the 20th century?
Techniques of recombinant DNA technology and gene cloning
Who first used the term 'genetic engineering' in a science-fiction novel?
Jack Williamson
What was the key discovery that enabled the development of recombinant DNA technology?
The discovery of restriction enzymes by Werner Arber
What was the key contribution of Daniel Nathans to the development of genetic engineering?
He helped advance the technique of DNA recombination
What was the key contribution of Hamilton O. Smith to the development of genetic engineering?
He purified so-called type II restriction enzymes
Who were the first to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes into E.coli bacteria?
Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer
What is the general name for a piece of DNA created by combining at least two fragments from two different sources?
Recombinant DNA
Which method of gene transfer employs electroporation, viral vector-mediated gene transfer, liposome-mediated gene transfer, and transposon-mediated gene transfer?
Gene Delivering
What is the classic example of a genetically modified tomato species created using antisense RNA technology in 1994?
Flavr Savr tomato
In genetic engineering, what is inserted into the bacterial or yeast cell to produce artificial insulin?
Recombinant Plasmid DNA
Which gene-editing tool is known as 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats'?
CRISPR-CAS9
What is the main application of genetically modified crops such as cotton, corn, and soybeans using rDNA technology?
Improved quality and economic importance
Which genetic engineering technique involves editing the genome to remove undesired DNA sequences or insert new genes into the host genome?
Gene Editing
Genetically modified microorganisms capable of degrading toxins are primarily used for:
Destroying harmful pathogens and pests
What is the primary purpose of gene therapy or gene transfer techniques in genetic engineering?
Curing inherited genetic disorders
What is the fundamental difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree?
A cladogram represents a hypothesis, while a phylogenetic tree represents the true evolutionary history.
What do the branch lengths in a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree represent?
In a cladogram, branch lengths are arbitrary, while in a phylogenetic tree, they indicate the amount of character change.
What is the basic idea behind cladistics?
Members of a group share a common evolutionary history and are more closely related to each other than to other organisms.
What are synapomorphies in the context of cladistics?
Shared derived characteristics that are unique to a group of organisms.
What is one of the basic assumptions in phylogeny and cladistics?
Any group of organisms is related by descent from a common ancestor.
What is the accepted pattern of evolution for new kinds of organisms?
A bifurcating pattern, where new kinds of organisms evolve when existing species divide into two groups.
What is the main purpose of genetically modifying crops and animals?
To make them more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses
Which of the following is NOT a drawback of genetic engineering mentioned in the passage?
Improved nutritional value of the food product
Which major event in the Earth's history led to the rise of animal life?
The increase in atmospheric oxygen levels
Which geological period is known for the rise of the first land-living arthropods?
Devonian
What was the dominant life form during the Mesozoic Era?
Dinosaurs
Which of the following is NOT a major subdivision of the Geological Time Scale?
Millennia
Which of the following organisms was NOT present during the Paleozoic Era?
Dinosaurs
Which of the following events led to the Permian mass extinction?
Not enough information provided
Explore the historical development of genetic engineering, including the earliest usage of the term and its evolution over time. Learn about the key milestones and contributions that shaped the field of genetic engineering.
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