Genetic Engineering Historical Development
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe when there are no physical barriers preventing members of a species from mating with one another?

  • Artificial speciation
  • Sympatric speciation (correct)
  • Allopatric speciation
  • Embryology

Which of the following is an example of artificial speciation?

  • The identification and description of body structures
  • The formation, growth, and development of organisms
  • The creation of new species by people through lab experiments (correct)
  • The development of a new species based on a different food source or characteristic

What does embryology deal with?

  • The creation of new species by people
  • The development of a new species based on a different food source or characteristic
  • The formation, growth, and development of organisms (correct)
  • The identification and description of body structures

What suggests that closely related organisms share a common ancestor?

<p>The physical similarities they exhibit before they are even born (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the identification and description of the body structures called?

<p>Anatomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the term 'genetic engineering' specifically refer to in the latter part of the 20th century?

<p>Techniques of recombinant DNA technology and gene cloning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first used the term 'genetic engineering' in a science-fiction novel?

<p>Jack Williamson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key discovery that enabled the development of recombinant DNA technology?

<p>The discovery of restriction enzymes by Werner Arber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key contribution of Daniel Nathans to the development of genetic engineering?

<p>He helped advance the technique of DNA recombination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key contribution of Hamilton O. Smith to the development of genetic engineering?

<p>He purified so-called type II restriction enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the first to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes into E.coli bacteria?

<p>Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general name for a piece of DNA created by combining at least two fragments from two different sources?

<p>Recombinant DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of gene transfer employs electroporation, viral vector-mediated gene transfer, liposome-mediated gene transfer, and transposon-mediated gene transfer?

<p>Gene Delivering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic example of a genetically modified tomato species created using antisense RNA technology in 1994?

<p>Flavr Savr tomato (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In genetic engineering, what is inserted into the bacterial or yeast cell to produce artificial insulin?

<p>Recombinant Plasmid DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene-editing tool is known as 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats'?

<p>CRISPR-CAS9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of genetically modified crops such as cotton, corn, and soybeans using rDNA technology?

<p>Improved quality and economic importance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic engineering technique involves editing the genome to remove undesired DNA sequences or insert new genes into the host genome?

<p>Gene Editing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetically modified microorganisms capable of degrading toxins are primarily used for:

<p>Destroying harmful pathogens and pests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gene therapy or gene transfer techniques in genetic engineering?

<p>Curing inherited genetic disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree?

<p>A cladogram represents a hypothesis, while a phylogenetic tree represents the true evolutionary history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the branch lengths in a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree represent?

<p>In a cladogram, branch lengths are arbitrary, while in a phylogenetic tree, they indicate the amount of character change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic idea behind cladistics?

<p>Members of a group share a common evolutionary history and are more closely related to each other than to other organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are synapomorphies in the context of cladistics?

<p>Shared derived characteristics that are unique to a group of organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the basic assumptions in phylogeny and cladistics?

<p>Any group of organisms is related by descent from a common ancestor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the accepted pattern of evolution for new kinds of organisms?

<p>A bifurcating pattern, where new kinds of organisms evolve when existing species divide into two groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of genetically modifying crops and animals?

<p>To make them more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a drawback of genetic engineering mentioned in the passage?

<p>Improved nutritional value of the food product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major event in the Earth's history led to the rise of animal life?

<p>The increase in atmospheric oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological period is known for the rise of the first land-living arthropods?

<p>Devonian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the dominant life form during the Mesozoic Era?

<p>Dinosaurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major subdivision of the Geological Time Scale?

<p>Millennia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms was NOT present during the Paleozoic Era?

<p>Dinosaurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events led to the Permian mass extinction?

<p>Not enough information provided (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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