Biology: Genetic Engineering and Ecosystems
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Questions and Answers

Which set of materials would be best to use to prepare a wet mount slide of onion skin cells? (Select all that apply)

  • H2O (correct)
  • Eyedropper (correct)
  • Big and small glass (correct)
  • Strain
  • etc

    • What does Francesco Redi's 1668 experiment support?

    Fly larvae only come from adult flies.

    Which bird's foot is best adapted to flying into a region and picking up prey?

    5 cm

    How did Timothy inherit attached earlobes?

    <p>He received a recessive allele from each parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic trait does albinism represent?

    <p>Is a recessive genetic trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells from which of the following organisms would be expected to contain cell walls?

    <p>Water lily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed called?

    <p>Parasitism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must an animal be able to do to maintain homeostasis?

    <p>Respond to its environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which category should the eukaryotic organism described above be classified?

    <p>Plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory does Lamarck's views on how organisms change over time represent?

    <p>Theory of acquired characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the chances of developing cancer or diabetes if a family member has the disorder?

    <p>Genetically based.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the mean number of sparrows and the mean number of jays observed at Willow Point between May 12 and May 16?

    <ol start="38"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi obtain nutrients?

    <p>Absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has caused the increasing resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to streptomycin?

    <p>Use of streptomycin for bacterial infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method would provide the most accurate information for collecting data about local attitudes concerning alternative fuels for automobiles?

    <p>Take an opinion poll of drivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What explains the differences in resistance of some elms to Dutch Elm Disease?

    <p>Resistant trees have beneficial variations of some genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structures are associated with movement in some unicellular organisms?

    <p>Flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a female and male offspring from the cross of red-eyed females and white-eyed males are allowed to mate, what would the offspring probably look like?

    <p>2 red-eyed females; 1 red-eyed male, 1 white-eyed male.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of mammals perspiring?

    <p>Cools the skin with evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to this table, what is the codon AGC the code for?

    <p>Serine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would scientists determine if the plants are moth-resistant?

    <p>Monitor moth populations in fields planted with test and normal wheat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a decomposer in a Virginia forest?

    <p>A mushroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flaw was present in the design of the planaria movement experiment?

    <p>There was no control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food because they do not have ___

    <p>chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These four different pine trees are not classified in the same ___

    <p>species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do viruses have in common with animal cells?

    <p>Presence of a genetic code in nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must gametes be haploid?

    <p>Two gametes will unite during fertilization to create a diploid cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of embryos can help in the classification of living things by providing clues about what?

    <p>Common ancestry among vertebrate species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of data would best help evaluate the effect of the hemlock woolly adelgid insect?

    <p>Information about the ecosystem's characteristics before the adelgid infestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these supports the cell theory as it is stated today?

    <p>New cells are produced by division of existing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA molecules?

    <p>An image indicating the shape of a DNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In unicellular organisms like Paramecium, the food is contained in which organelle?

    <p>Vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over many generations, unrelated species may come to resemble each other due to what?

    <p>Similar environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal most closely resembles the unknown animal based on the amino acid sequence?

    <p>Dog: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-His-Asp-Glu-Lys-Asp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the trait of tallness?

    <p>0 in 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is capable of moving quickly in response to its environment?

    <p>Paramecium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following macromolecules are prominent in animal tissues for insulation?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reduction of the chromosome number during meiosis is most important for what?

    <p>Maintaining the chromosome number during sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why could only water molecules enter the cell during osmosis?

    <p>Because water molecules are smaller than the protein molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation contributed to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?

    <p>Individuals within a population may vary widely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which kingdom would a newly discovered organism that absorbs nutrients from its environment be classified?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the work of Miller and Urey contribute to the study of biology?

    <p>It supported hypotheses about the origin of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the selective adaptation of the eastern scarlet snake provide?

    <p>A method of avoiding predation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Together, all organisms in a typical backyard make up what?

    <p>A community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared to food chains on land, the role of bacteria around hot-water vents is similar to what?

    <p>Green plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool would be the most accurate for measuring plant height in millimeters?

    <p>Metric ruler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of DNA did Erwin Chargaff's discovery prove invaluable for?

    <p>Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a mammal native to Virginia?

    <p>Squirrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of these are natural events that could alter an ecosystem EXCEPT?

    <p>Burning fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the x-ray diffraction of DNA suggest about its structure?

    <p>It is a double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is most closely related to the cucumber according to the characteristics in the provided chart?

    <p>Pumpkin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During October, the trees were able to remove the greatest amount of what?

    <p>Particulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis is best supported by the graph?

    <p>The cardinals' food supply increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an observation Richard made about black swallowtail butterflies?

    <p>The black swallowtail laid its eggs on a parsley plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi, such as mushrooms and molds, primarily obtain nutrition by doing what?

    <p>Decomposing dead organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal develops in a cycle most similar to a moth?

    <p>Moth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosome could have resulted from a deletion that occurred in the chromosome?

    <p>abc-ghijklmn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following choices is not a method of preventing bacterial illnesses in a meat-processing plant?

    <p>Using antibiotics to treat persons with food poisoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure should have been performed to prevent error in the transpiration rate investigation?

    <p>Both groups should have been tested in the same soil type at each humidity level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can changes in species occur rapidly due to overuse of antibiotics?

    <p>Bacteria reproduce rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the lab setup, why will the results not be valid?

    <p>The experiment has no control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the dichotomous key, what type of flower is shown?

    <p>Trientalis borealis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discovery was essential to the concept that all life forms have cells as basic units?

    <p>New cells are produced from the division of existing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the decrease in O2 concentration during the night in a pond?

    <p>Decreased photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is a decomposer in a Virginia forest?

    <p>Mushroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ability did scientists hypothesize oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere was due to?

    <p>Photosynthesize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experimental designs could be used to test Francesco Redi's hypothesis?

    <p>No cover-meat; Cover-meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the biological definition of a species, which organisms would belong to the same species?

    <p>Animals that can breed and produce fertile offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the energy pyramid, where is the most energy present in organisms?

    <p>Grass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic the one-celled eukaryotic organisms found in freshwater ponds have in common?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the flower does fertilization take place?

    <p>Pistil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are monarch butterflies toxic to birds?

    <p>Because monarch caterpillars eat milkweed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes prokaryotic organisms different from eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of water allows ice to float on a lake?

    <p>Preventing a lake from freezing solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific characteristic is unique to an individual based on genetic information?

    <p>The sequence of DNA nucleotides in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frog species would be most likely to interbreed?

    <p>Peeper and leopard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle in the cell performs a function similar to the circulatory system?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the correct offspring ratios from a cross between two heterozygous pink snapdragons?

    <p>1 red, 2 pink, 1 white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on amino-acid differences in hemoglobin, which organism is classified as most closely related to humans?

    <p>Macaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way for scientists to distinguish between wintering tundra swans in Virginia and flocks in the summer location?

    <p>Capture and put coded bands on the birds in Virginia, then record the bands seen on birds in the summer location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic do most adult fungi and plants share?

    <p>They both have cells with cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trait would be selected for if it increased the survival of long-legged ponies in Chincoteague National Wildlife Reserve?

    <p>It increased the survival rate of the long-legged ponies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of spermatogenesis according to the diagram?

    <p>Four sperm cells, each with half of the original number of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is needed to place fossilized remains of a canine in an ancestral timeline?

    <p>The age of the fossils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion is best supported by the results of the disinfectants study?

    <p>Some disinfectants are more effective than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on DNA fingerprints, which horse is most likely the father?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods for studying organisms could least likely be accomplished by studying the fossil record?

    <p>Comparing sleep patterns of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for returning nitrogen to the air in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation led the geneticist studying fruit flies to form the hypothesis that short wings are a recessive trait?

    <p>Flies with long wings can produce offspring with short wings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature do viruses have in common with animal cells?

    <p>Presence of a genetic code in nucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell structure functions most like the 'brain' of a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are large feet advantageous for animals living in sandy areas?

    <p>They distribute body weight over a large area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the greatest limiting factor for plants growing on the floor of a rain forest?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two heterozygous tall pea plants are crossed, what percent of the offspring will probably be short?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do a mushroom and a humpback whale have in common?

    <p>Both are heterotrophic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows DNA to fit inside the nucleus of a cell?

    <p>Its ability to coil tightly around associated proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is carried out in the same way by both plants and animals?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What group of organisms are students most likely studying if they research unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that live in harsh environments?

    <p>Archaebacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best conclusion regarding the experimental results shown?

    <p>This species of plant grew best between 18°C and 26°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Engineering and Plant Resistance

    • Genetic engineering is being used to create moth-resistant wheat crops.
    • Moth resistance is determined by monitoring moth populations in fields of genetically modified vs. normal wheat.

    Ecosystem and Decomposers

    • Fungi, such as mushrooms, are key decomposers in ecosystems like Virginia forests.

    Experimental Design Flaws

    • An experiment without a control group lacks the ability to accurately compare results, such as the effect of salt water on planaria movement.

    Distinctions Between Organisms

    • Fungi differ from plants because fungi lack chlorophyll, preventing them from photosynthesizing.
    • The classification of organisms relies on specific characteristics, such as the number and length of pine needles.

    Genetic Code and Gametes

    • Both viruses and animal cells contain genetic codes in nucleic acid.
    • Gametes are haploid to ensure that their union during fertilization maintains the diploid chromosome number.

    Evolution and Common Ancestry

    • Studying embryos aids in classifying living organisms by revealing common ancestry among vertebrates.

    Ecosystem Changes and Data

    • Evaluating the impact of pests like hemlock woolly adelgids requires data on ecosystem characteristics before their introduction.

    Cell Theory and DNA

    • The modern cell theory asserts that new cells arise from the division of existing cells.
    • Rosalind Franklin contributed an image revealing the helical structure of DNA.

    Organelles and Nutrient Absorption

    • In unicellular organisms like Paramecium, food digestion occurs within vacuoles.

    Environmental Influences on Species

    • Unrelated species may develop similar traits when exposed to analogous environmental factors.

    Genetic Relationships

    • Comparing amino acid sequences can help classify species, with close matches indicating relatedness.

    Genetic Traits and Population Studies

    • In plants, specific phenotypic ratios can indicate the genetic makeup of traits, such as those of snapdragons.

    Nutritional Roles in Ecosystems

    • Lipids play a significant role in insulation and storage within animal tissues.

    Meiosis and Chromosome Number

    • Meiosis is crucial for maintaining chromosome numbers through sexual reproduction.

    Water Properties and Ice Formation

    • The unique property of water that allows it to float prevents lakes from solidifying completely in winter.

    Origin of Life Hypotheses

    • Early life may have formed from atmospheric reactions as suggested by Oparin's hypotheses and supported by Miller and Urey's experiments.

    Biodiversity and Community Structure

    • A typical backyard hosts diverse organisms, creating a community with intricate interactions.

    Experimentation and Control Groups

    • Valid experiments, such as the effect of pollutants on plant growth, require control conditions for accurate results.

    Structural Characteristics of Organisms

    • The presence of a nucleus is a key feature shared by unicellular eukaryotic organisms.

    Natural Selection and Adaptations

    • Features such as large feet in animals are adaptations for survival in specific environments.

    Antibiotic Resistance and Bacteria

    • Rapid bacterial reproduction allows for quick adaptation and development of antibiotic-resistant strains over time.

    Classification and Fossil Records

    • Accurate classification of organisms, like fossils, necessitates understanding their age in evolutionary history.

    Roles of Flow in Ecosystems

    • Bacteria in extreme environments are often archaebacteria, contributing to our understanding of life's adaptability.

    Dominance and Trait Inheritance

    • Understanding dominance in genetic traits helps explain inheritance patterns, such as in earlobe shape.

    Symbiotic Relationships

    • In parasitic relationships, one organism benefits while the other is harmed, highlighting ecological interactions.

    Homeostasis in Organisms

    • Maintaining homeostasis requires an organism’s ability to respond effectively to environmental changes.

    Contributions of Historical Scientists

    • Lamarck's theories on the development of characteristics over time laid groundwork for evolutionary biology discussions.### Genetics and Disease
    • Higher likelihood of cancer, diabetes, or sickle-cell anemia in individuals with family history, indicating genetic predisposition.
    • Increasing resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to streptomycin linked to its widespread use for treating bacterial infections.

    Observational Data

    • The difference in mean observations between sparrows and jays at Willow Point from May 12 to May 16 is 38.
    • Opinion polls of drivers provide the most accurate data regarding local attitudes on alternative fuels.

    Biological Characteristics

    • Fungi obtain nutrients through the absorption process.
    • Unicellular organisms may be motile or nonmotile, with flagella serving as the cellular structure associated with movement.

    Plant Diseases and Resistance

    • Dutch Elm Disease is caused by a fungal infection affecting elm trees, with some trees exhibiting natural resistance due to beneficial genetic variations.

    Inheritance and Traits

    • Thomas Morgan's research on fruit flies revealed sex-linked traits; expected offspring from a given cross include two red-eyed females, one red-eyed male, and one white-eyed male.

    Mammalian Physiology

    • Perspiration in mammals primarily aids in cooling the skin through the evaporation process.

    Molecular Biology

    • Codon AGC codes for the amino acid serine in genetic translation.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating topics of genetic engineering and its role in plant resistance, as well as the essential functions of decomposers in ecosystems. This quiz covers key concepts such as experimental design flaws, organism distinctions, and the genetic code in gametes.

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