Biology: Genetic Engineering and Ecosystems

Questions and Answers

Which set of materials would be best to use to prepare a wet mount slide of onion skin cells? (Select all that apply)

H2O (correct)

Eyedropper (correct)

Big and small glass (correct)

Strain

etc

What does Francesco Redi's 1668 experiment support?

Fly larvae only come from adult flies.

Which bird's foot is best adapted to flying into a region and picking up prey?

5 cm

How did Timothy inherit attached earlobes?

He received a recessive allele from each parent. Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic trait does albinism represent?

Is a recessive genetic trait. Signup and view all the answers

Cells from which of the following organisms would be expected to contain cell walls?

Water lily. Signup and view all the answers

What is a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed called?

Parasitism. Signup and view all the answers

What must an animal be able to do to maintain homeostasis?

Respond to its environment. Signup and view all the answers

To which category should the eukaryotic organism described above be classified?

Plant. Signup and view all the answers

What theory does Lamarck's views on how organisms change over time represent?

Theory of acquired characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What increases the chances of developing cancer or diabetes if a family member has the disorder?

Genetically based. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the mean number of sparrows and the mean number of jays observed at Willow Point between May 12 and May 16?

<ol start="38"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

Absorption. Signup and view all the answers

What has caused the increasing resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to streptomycin?

Use of streptomycin for bacterial infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which method would provide the most accurate information for collecting data about local attitudes concerning alternative fuels for automobiles?

Take an opinion poll of drivers. Signup and view all the answers

What explains the differences in resistance of some elms to Dutch Elm Disease?

Resistant trees have beneficial variations of some genes. Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structures are associated with movement in some unicellular organisms?

Flagella. Signup and view all the answers

If a female and male offspring from the cross of red-eyed females and white-eyed males are allowed to mate, what would the offspring probably look like?

2 red-eyed females; 1 red-eyed male, 1 white-eyed male. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of mammals perspiring?

Cools the skin with evaporation. Signup and view all the answers

According to this table, what is the codon AGC the code for?

Serine. Signup and view all the answers

How would scientists determine if the plants are moth-resistant?

Monitor moth populations in fields planted with test and normal wheat. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a decomposer in a Virginia forest?

A mushroom Signup and view all the answers

Which flaw was present in the design of the planaria movement experiment?

There was no control Signup and view all the answers

Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food because they do not have ___

chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers

These four different pine trees are not classified in the same ___

species Signup and view all the answers

What feature do viruses have in common with animal cells?

Presence of a genetic code in nucleic acid Signup and view all the answers

Why must gametes be haploid?

Two gametes will unite during fertilization to create a diploid cell. Signup and view all the answers

The study of embryos can help in the classification of living things by providing clues about what?

Common ancestry among vertebrate species Signup and view all the answers

What kind of data would best help evaluate the effect of the hemlock woolly adelgid insect?

Information about the ecosystem's characteristics before the adelgid infestation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these supports the cell theory as it is stated today?

New cells are produced by division of existing cells. Signup and view all the answers

What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA molecules?

An image indicating the shape of a DNA molecule. Signup and view all the answers

In unicellular organisms like Paramecium, the food is contained in which organelle?

Vacuole Signup and view all the answers

Over many generations, unrelated species may come to resemble each other due to what?

Similar environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which animal most closely resembles the unknown animal based on the amino acid sequence?

Dog: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-His-Asp-Glu-Lys-Asp Signup and view all the answers

What ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the trait of tallness?

0 in 4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is capable of moving quickly in response to its environment?

Paramecium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following macromolecules are prominent in animal tissues for insulation?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

The reduction of the chromosome number during meiosis is most important for what?

Maintaining the chromosome number during sexual reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

Why could only water molecules enter the cell during osmosis?

Because water molecules are smaller than the protein molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What observation contributed to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?

Individuals within a population may vary widely. Signup and view all the answers

In which kingdom would a newly discovered organism that absorbs nutrients from its environment be classified?

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

What did the work of Miller and Urey contribute to the study of biology?

It supported hypotheses about the origin of life. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the selective adaptation of the eastern scarlet snake provide?

A method of avoiding predation. Signup and view all the answers

Together, all organisms in a typical backyard make up what?

A community Signup and view all the answers

Compared to food chains on land, the role of bacteria around hot-water vents is similar to what?

Green plants Signup and view all the answers

Which tool would be the most accurate for measuring plant height in millimeters?

Metric ruler Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of DNA did Erwin Chargaff's discovery prove invaluable for?

Structure Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a mammal native to Virginia?

Squirrel Signup and view all the answers

All of these are natural events that could alter an ecosystem EXCEPT?

Burning fossil fuels Signup and view all the answers

What does the x-ray diffraction of DNA suggest about its structure?

It is a double helix. Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is most closely related to the cucumber according to the characteristics in the provided chart?

Pumpkin Signup and view all the answers

During October, the trees were able to remove the greatest amount of what?

Particulates Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis is best supported by the graph?

The cardinals' food supply increased. Signup and view all the answers

What is an observation Richard made about black swallowtail butterflies?

The black swallowtail laid its eggs on a parsley plant. Signup and view all the answers

Fungi, such as mushrooms and molds, primarily obtain nutrition by doing what?

Decomposing dead organic matter. Signup and view all the answers

Which animal develops in a cycle most similar to a moth?

Moth Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome could have resulted from a deletion that occurred in the chromosome?

abc-ghijklmn Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following choices is not a method of preventing bacterial illnesses in a meat-processing plant?

Using antibiotics to treat persons with food poisoning. Signup and view all the answers

What procedure should have been performed to prevent error in the transpiration rate investigation?

Both groups should have been tested in the same soil type at each humidity level. Signup and view all the answers

Why can changes in species occur rapidly due to overuse of antibiotics?

Bacteria reproduce rapidly. Signup and view all the answers

In the lab setup, why will the results not be valid?

The experiment has no control. Signup and view all the answers

According to the dichotomous key, what type of flower is shown?

Trientalis borealis Signup and view all the answers

Which discovery was essential to the concept that all life forms have cells as basic units?

New cells are produced from the division of existing cells. Signup and view all the answers

What caused the decrease in O2 concentration during the night in a pond?

Decreased photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is a decomposer in a Virginia forest?

Mushroom Signup and view all the answers

What ability did scientists hypothesize oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere was due to?

Photosynthesize Signup and view all the answers

Which experimental designs could be used to test Francesco Redi's hypothesis?

No cover-meat; Cover-meat. Signup and view all the answers

According to the biological definition of a species, which organisms would belong to the same species?

Animals that can breed and produce fertile offspring. Signup and view all the answers

According to the energy pyramid, where is the most energy present in organisms?

Grass Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic the one-celled eukaryotic organisms found in freshwater ponds have in common?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the flower does fertilization take place?

Pistil Signup and view all the answers

Why are monarch butterflies toxic to birds?

Because monarch caterpillars eat milkweed. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes prokaryotic organisms different from eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of water allows ice to float on a lake?

Preventing a lake from freezing solid. Signup and view all the answers

What specific characteristic is unique to an individual based on genetic information?

The sequence of DNA nucleotides in cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which frog species would be most likely to interbreed?

Peeper and leopard Signup and view all the answers

What organelle in the cell performs a function similar to the circulatory system?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What would be the correct offspring ratios from a cross between two heterozygous pink snapdragons?

1 red, 2 pink, 1 white Signup and view all the answers

Based on amino-acid differences in hemoglobin, which organism is classified as most closely related to humans?

Macaque Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way for scientists to distinguish between wintering tundra swans in Virginia and flocks in the summer location?

Capture and put coded bands on the birds in Virginia, then record the bands seen on birds in the summer location. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic do most adult fungi and plants share?

They both have cells with cell walls. Signup and view all the answers

What trait would be selected for if it increased the survival of long-legged ponies in Chincoteague National Wildlife Reserve?

It increased the survival rate of the long-legged ponies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of spermatogenesis according to the diagram?

Four sperm cells, each with half of the original number of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What information is needed to place fossilized remains of a canine in an ancestral timeline?

The age of the fossils. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion is best supported by the results of the disinfectants study?

Some disinfectants are more effective than others. Signup and view all the answers

Based on DNA fingerprints, which horse is most likely the father?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods for studying organisms could least likely be accomplished by studying the fossil record?

Comparing sleep patterns of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for returning nitrogen to the air in the nitrogen cycle?

Decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What observation led the geneticist studying fruit flies to form the hypothesis that short wings are a recessive trait?

Flies with long wings can produce offspring with short wings. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature do viruses have in common with animal cells?

Presence of a genetic code in nucleic acid. Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure functions most like the 'brain' of a cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Why are large feet advantageous for animals living in sandy areas?

They distribute body weight over a large area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest limiting factor for plants growing on the floor of a rain forest?

Sunlight Signup and view all the answers

If two heterozygous tall pea plants are crossed, what percent of the offspring will probably be short?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What do a mushroom and a humpback whale have in common?

Both are heterotrophic. Signup and view all the answers

What allows DNA to fit inside the nucleus of a cell?

Its ability to coil tightly around associated proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is carried out in the same way by both plants and animals?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What group of organisms are students most likely studying if they research unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that live in harsh environments?

Archaebacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the best conclusion regarding the experimental results shown?

This species of plant grew best between 18°C and 26°C. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetic Engineering and Plant Resistance

Genetic engineering is being used to create moth-resistant wheat crops.
Moth resistance is determined by monitoring moth populations in fields of genetically modified vs. normal wheat.

Ecosystem and Decomposers

Fungi, such as mushrooms, are key decomposers in ecosystems like Virginia forests.

Experimental Design Flaws

An experiment without a control group lacks the ability to accurately compare results, such as the effect of salt water on planaria movement.

Distinctions Between Organisms

Fungi differ from plants because fungi lack chlorophyll, preventing them from photosynthesizing.
The classification of organisms relies on specific characteristics, such as the number and length of pine needles.

Genetic Code and Gametes

Both viruses and animal cells contain genetic codes in nucleic acid.
Gametes are haploid to ensure that their union during fertilization maintains the diploid chromosome number.

Evolution and Common Ancestry

Studying embryos aids in classifying living organisms by revealing common ancestry among vertebrates.

Ecosystem Changes and Data

Evaluating the impact of pests like hemlock woolly adelgids requires data on ecosystem characteristics before their introduction.

Cell Theory and DNA

The modern cell theory asserts that new cells arise from the division of existing cells.
Rosalind Franklin contributed an image revealing the helical structure of DNA.

Organelles and Nutrient Absorption

In unicellular organisms like Paramecium, food digestion occurs within vacuoles.

Environmental Influences on Species

Unrelated species may develop similar traits when exposed to analogous environmental factors.

Genetic Relationships

Comparing amino acid sequences can help classify species, with close matches indicating relatedness.

Genetic Traits and Population Studies

In plants, specific phenotypic ratios can indicate the genetic makeup of traits, such as those of snapdragons.

Nutritional Roles in Ecosystems

Lipids play a significant role in insulation and storage within animal tissues.

Meiosis and Chromosome Number

Meiosis is crucial for maintaining chromosome numbers through sexual reproduction.

Water Properties and Ice Formation

The unique property of water that allows it to float prevents lakes from solidifying completely in winter.

Origin of Life Hypotheses

Early life may have formed from atmospheric reactions as suggested by Oparin's hypotheses and supported by Miller and Urey's experiments.

Biodiversity and Community Structure

A typical backyard hosts diverse organisms, creating a community with intricate interactions.

Experimentation and Control Groups

Valid experiments, such as the effect of pollutants on plant growth, require control conditions for accurate results.

Structural Characteristics of Organisms

The presence of a nucleus is a key feature shared by unicellular eukaryotic organisms.

Natural Selection and Adaptations

Features such as large feet in animals are adaptations for survival in specific environments.

Antibiotic Resistance and Bacteria

Rapid bacterial reproduction allows for quick adaptation and development of antibiotic-resistant strains over time.

Classification and Fossil Records

Accurate classification of organisms, like fossils, necessitates understanding their age in evolutionary history.

Roles of Flow in Ecosystems

Bacteria in extreme environments are often archaebacteria, contributing to our understanding of life's adaptability.

Dominance and Trait Inheritance

Understanding dominance in genetic traits helps explain inheritance patterns, such as in earlobe shape.

Symbiotic Relationships

In parasitic relationships, one organism benefits while the other is harmed, highlighting ecological interactions.

Homeostasis in Organisms

Maintaining homeostasis requires an organism’s ability to respond effectively to environmental changes.

Contributions of Historical Scientists

Lamarck's theories on the development of characteristics over time laid groundwork for evolutionary biology discussions.### Genetics and Disease
Higher likelihood of cancer, diabetes, or sickle-cell anemia in individuals with family history, indicating genetic predisposition.
Increasing resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to streptomycin linked to its widespread use for treating bacterial infections.

Observational Data

The difference in mean observations between sparrows and jays at Willow Point from May 12 to May 16 is 38.
Opinion polls of drivers provide the most accurate data regarding local attitudes on alternative fuels.

Biological Characteristics

Fungi obtain nutrients through the absorption process.
Unicellular organisms may be motile or nonmotile, with flagella serving as the cellular structure associated with movement.

Plant Diseases and Resistance

Dutch Elm Disease is caused by a fungal infection affecting elm trees, with some trees exhibiting natural resistance due to beneficial genetic variations.

Inheritance and Traits

Thomas Morgan's research on fruit flies revealed sex-linked traits; expected offspring from a given cross include two red-eyed females, one red-eyed male, and one white-eyed male.

Mammalian Physiology

Perspiration in mammals primarily aids in cooling the skin through the evaporation process.

Molecular Biology

Codon AGC codes for the amino acid serine in genetic translation.

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Description

Explore the fascinating topics of genetic engineering and its role in plant resistance, as well as the essential functions of decomposers in ecosystems. This quiz covers key concepts such as experimental design flaws, organism distinctions, and the genetic code in gametes.