Genetic Engineering: DNA Polymerases and Replication

<p>Each polymerase has unique properties that make it suitable for different applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase I has a 5' to 3' exonuclease activity, while DNA polymerase III does not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3' TAACGT 5' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To replicate DNA in the laboratory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dephosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the DNA from ligating and ensure linearity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify and track the DNA molecules during subsequent steps. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DNA becomes more susceptible to degradation by nucleases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear DNA molecules are required for efficient recombination with other DNA fragments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphodiester bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It loses its ability to degrade DNA and retains its polymerase function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is located in the first 323 amino acids of the polypeptide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enzyme will lose its specificity for DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The modified enzyme lacks nuclease activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of an enzyme to degrade nucleic acids like DNA.

A chain of amino acids forming a protein or part of a protein.

The basic building blocks of proteins, consisting of a central carbon atom and functional groups.

The activity of an enzyme that synthesizes RNA or DNA from nucleotides.

An enzyme altered in structure, retaining some functionality while losing others.

An enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from nucleotides.

Four main types are used in genetic engineering: I, II, III, and α, β, γ.

The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

Basic building blocks of DNA, consisting of a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

Orientation of the DNA strands; the '3 prime' and '5 prime' ends dictate synthesis direction.

Different forms of DNA polymerase with unique functions in replication.

The process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules.

The process of breaking phosphodiester bonds in DNA.

Enzymes that break internal phosphodiester bonds in DNA.

Enzymes that degrade DNA from the ends of strands.

Degrades one strand of double-stranded DNA, leaving the other intact.

Cuts both single and double-stranded DNA non-specifically.

Cleaves double-stranded DNA at specific recognition sites.

Cleaves only single strands of DNA.

Repairs single-stranded breaks in double-stranded DNA.

The process of removing phosphate groups from DNA, preventing ligation.

The joining of the 5' end of one DNA strand to the 3' end of another strand.

The replacement of phosphate groups with radioactive ones to track DNA.

The state of DNA molecules being linear and not circular due to phosphate removal.

The organized tasks carried out during an experiment, including phosphate removal and labeling.

The process of removing a phosphate group from a molecule.

A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

Crucial for regulating cellular processes like metabolism and signal transduction.

Enzymes known as phosphatases catalyze the removal of phosphate groups.

Dephosphorylation can deactivate proteins and affect cellular functions.