DNA Sequences and Genetic Testing Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main effect of IS elements in bacteria?

  • Enhancing gene expression
  • Disrupting and inactivating genes (correct)
  • Preventing mutations
  • Promoting antibiotic resistance

Which enzyme allows an IS element to move in and out of DNA?

  • Transposase enzyme (correct)
  • Polymerase chain reaction enzyme
  • Ligase enzyme
  • Helicase enzyme

Silent mutations occur when:

  • There is no change in the DNA sequence (correct)
  • The mutation changes the resulting protein structure
  • The mutation affects gene regulation
  • The DNA changes but remains functionally unchanged

Which of the following is NOT a chemical mutagen?

<p>UV rays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are transposons often located in bacteria?

<p>Plasmids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an IS element have when it inserts into a gene?

<p>Inactivates the gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation results in a change in the coded protein?

<p><strong>Missense</strong> mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conjugation is a process where bacteria transfer genetic material through:

<p><strong>Plasmids</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkylating agents are examples of:

<p><strong>Chemical</strong> mutagens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visible light is an example of a(n):

<p><strong>Physical</strong> mutagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

  • In a human genome of 3 billion letters, even a small percentage difference can lead to millions of distinct lettering variations.
  • Polymerase chain reaction is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences and detect minimal amounts of bacteria in a sample, eliminating the need for bacterial culture.
  • Genetic tests help in understanding the development and transfer of antimicrobial resistance by bacteria due to mutations that can alter phenotypic characteristics.
  • Plasmids are self-replicating DNA molecules located in the cytoplasm, capable of being transferred between bacterial species through conjugation, contributing to drug resistance acquisition.
  • Mobile genetic elements like insertion sequences (IS) can move within bacterial chromosomes, disrupting genes and leading to observable changes like loss of certain characteristics.

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