Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of genetic engineering?
What is the primary focus of genetic engineering?
Which process can generate a billion copies of the desired DNA segment?
Which process can generate a billion copies of the desired DNA segment?
Electrophoresis separates molecules based on which characteristic?
Electrophoresis separates molecules based on which characteristic?
Which technique involves the use of a suitable vector to transfer a gene to a new cell?
Which technique involves the use of a suitable vector to transfer a gene to a new cell?
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What is a common alternative name for genetic engineering?
What is a common alternative name for genetic engineering?
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What characteristic allows DNA to migrate to the anode during electrophoresis?
What characteristic allows DNA to migrate to the anode during electrophoresis?
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Which instrument is NOT typically used in isolating and characterizing macromolecules?
Which instrument is NOT typically used in isolating and characterizing macromolecules?
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In what year was the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) discovered?
In what year was the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) discovered?
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What is introduced in genetic engineering to manipulate genes?
What is introduced in genetic engineering to manipulate genes?
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Which combination technique is used in separating DNA fragments?
Which combination technique is used in separating DNA fragments?
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Study Notes
Genetic Engineering
- Deals with alteration of genetic material (DNA and RNA)
- Involves manipulation of genetic material towards a desired end in a directed and predetermined way, using "in vitro" process
- Can involve repairing defective genes, replacing defective genes, artificially synthesizing new genes, transferring genes, introducing new genes, and manipulating genes for improvement of living organisms
Recombinant DNA Technology
- Also known as gene cloning
- Defined as the formation of new combinations of heritable material by the insertion of nucleic acid molecules produced outside the cells into a host organism
Gene Cloning/rDNA Technology
- Basic requirements include instruments and devices such as gel permeation, ion exchange chromatography, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electrophoresis
- Techniques used include electrophoresis, agarose gel electrophoresis, PAGE, SDS PAGE, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Electrophoresis
- Separation of charged molecules by applying an electric field
- Used for separation of DNA, RNA, and proteins
- DNA, being negatively charged, migrates to anode, and smaller fragments move faster and separate faster
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- Amplification of gene of interest through PCR
- Discovery by Kary Mullis in 1985
- Generates a billion copies of desired segment of DNA or RNA in a few hours with high accuracy and specificity
- Completely automated process with automatic thermal cycles for denaturation and renaturation of double-stranded DNA
Technique of Gene Cloning and rDNA Technology
- Involves transferring a gene of known function from its normal location into a new cell via a suitable vector
- Transferred gene is replicated normally and passed on to the next progeny
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Description
Learn about genetic engineering, its definition, and how it differs from chemical engineering. Understand the manipulation of genetic material and its applications.
