Genetic Engineering and Modern Biotechnology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following represents a product of modern biotechnology?

  • Vaccines (correct)
  • Genetically modified foods (correct)
  • Organic fertilizers
  • Pesticides
  • Which step is NOT typically involved in the genetic engineering process?

  • Selection of transformed cells
  • Transformation of host cells
  • Crossbreeding with wild species (correct)
  • Isolation of DNA
  • What is a primary purpose of recombinant vaccines?

  • To decrease the cost of vaccines
  • To improve immune response (correct)
  • To prevent all infections
  • To eliminate the need for boosters
  • Which aspect does NOT belong to modern biotechnology?

    <p>Classical breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of recombinant microorganisms?

    <p>They are created through recombinant DNA techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes recombinant diagnostics from traditional diagnostics?

    <p>Recombinant diagnostics use biological markers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is primarily used in the production of biofertilizers?

    <p>Biological nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential for cell culture in biotechnology?

    <p>Nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of A pairing with T and G pairing with C in DNA structure?

    <p>They are complementary to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a gene encode for?

    <p>A trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Watson and Crick's discovery explain the process of DNA replication?

    <p>By hypothesizing a double-helix structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Rosalind Franklin not awarded the Nobel Prize for her work on DNA?

    <p>She was not eligible for posthumous awards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is explained by the structure of the DNA double helix?

    <p>Identical copies of DNA replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'genome' refer to?

    <p>The complete set of an organism's genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the contributions of Rosalind Franklin to the discovery of DNA structure?

    <p>They have been acknowledged by many scientists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature of DNA is described as resembling a twisted ladder?

    <p>Double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does modern biotechnology primarily involve?

    <p>In vitro nucleic acid techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does modern biotechnology differ from conventional breeding?

    <p>It allows for the fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>A process that allows hybrid DNA creation in a controlled environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect that allows a gene from one organism to be integrated into another's genetic material?

    <p>Similar cellular constituents across different organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a desirable trait that can be transferred through genetic engineering?

    <p>Transferring the ability to synthesize beta-carotene into rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the genome play in genetic engineering?

    <p>It can be viewed as a library containing diverse genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly illustrates a limitation of conventional breeding?

    <p>It can introduce undesirable traits along with the desired gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas?

    <p>It facilitates precise modifications to specific genomic locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific effect of the Bt protein found in Bt corn?

    <p>It is toxic specifically to Lepidoptera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is the Bt protein in Bt corn particularly harmful to?

    <p>Lepidoptera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Philippine government's approval of Bt eggplant?

    <p>It allowed Bt eggplant for direct use as food and feed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of Golden Rice?

    <p>It produces high levels of beta-carotene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two ingredients were used in the development of Golden Rice?

    <p>Corn and E. uredovora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the approval for commercial propagation of Golden Rice signify?

    <p>It is an endorsement of its nutritional benefits for public health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of Bt eggplant mentioned in the content?

    <p>It is safe for humans and farm animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who initiated the development of Golden Rice?

    <p>Dr. Ingo Potrykus and Dr. Peter Beyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organizations are involved in the issuance of permits related to biosafety assessments?

    <p>DA, DENR, DOST, DOH, DILG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic modification has been applied to the Ringspot virus-resistant papaya?

    <p>Expression of viral coat protein gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology was used to develop the long shelf-life papaya?

    <p>Anti-sense technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Moondust Carnation?

    <p>It expresses delphinidin genes from petunia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes AquAdvantage® Salmon from non-transgenic salmon?

    <p>It can grow from egg to market size faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is transferred into the zebrafish to create the transgenic Glofish®?

    <p>Gene from anemone and jellyfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the promoter from ocean pout in the AquAdvantage® Salmon gene construct?

    <p>To promote quicker growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is used for creating the Blue Rose through genetic modification?

    <p>Pansy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Engineering

    • Genetic engineering is the transfer of a specific gene for a desirable trait.
    • The basis for genetic engineering is the similarity of cells and cellular constituents of different organisms.
    • Recombinant DNA technology combines genes in a test tube to form a hybrid DNA.

    Traditional Breeding

    • Through traditional breeding, genes of parents are mixed, and the desired gene comes with many others that may not have useful or desired traits.

    Modern Biotechnology

    • Modern biotechnology is the application of in vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant DNA technology, and fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family.
    • It overcomes natural physiological reproductive or recombination barriers.
    • It is not considered traditional breeding or selection.

    The Discovery of Watson and Crick

    • Watson and Crick proposed the double-helix structure for DNA, which explains how DNA replicates and how genetic information is expressed.

    Golden Rice

    • Golden rice produces high levels of beta-carotene in the endosperm.
    • It was initiated by Dr. Ingo Potrykus and Dr. Peter Beyer.
    • It uses phytoene synthase from E. uredovora and phytoene desaturase from daffodil (GR1) and corn (GR2).

    Bt Eggplant

    • Bt eggplant is a genetically modified eggplant that contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that produces a protein toxic to the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB), a major pest of eggplants.
    • It is safe for humans, farm animals, and non-target insects.

    Ringspot Virus Resistant Papaya

    • The introduction of the viral coat protein gene results in overproduction of coat protein RNA and suppression of its synthesis.

    Long Shelf-Life Papaya with PRSV Resistance

    • This papaya is genetically modified to have a longer shelf life and resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV).
    • The expression of ACC synthase gene was silenced using anti-sense technology.

    Carnation and Blue Rose

    • Florigene developed the Moondust Carnation by transferring delphinidin genes from petunia.
    • Suntory and Florigene developed the blue rose by transferring delphinidin genes from pansies, using the same technology for the blue carnation.

    GloFish®

    • GloFish® are genetically modified zebrafishes that express fluorescent proteins from jellyfish and sea anemones.
    • They were developed by Zhiyun Gong at the National University of Singapore.

    AquAdvantage® Salmon

    • AquAdvantage® salmon is a genetically modified salmon that grows faster than non-transgenic salmon.
    • It contains a growth hormone gene from Chinook salmon under the control of a promoter from an ocean pout.

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    Explore the fascinating world of genetic engineering and modern biotechnology, including the principles behind recombinant DNA technology and the historical significance of Watson and Crick's discovery. Understand the differences between traditional breeding and modern techniques, and learn about advancements like Golden Rice in this informative quiz.

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