Genetic Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of genetic disorders?

  • Environmental factors alone
  • Infections during pregnancy
  • Defects in one or more genes or chromosomes (correct)
  • Nutritional deficiencies

    • Which genetic disorder is characterized by the body producing thick, sticky mucus?

  • Cystic fibrosis (correct)
  • Color blindness
  • Sickle-cell anemia
  • Down syndrome

    • What additional symptom is NOT associated with Down syndrome?

  • Flattened facial features
  • Slanting of the eyes
  • Sickle-shaped red blood cells (correct)
  • Delayed mental and social development

    • What procedure involves the removal of amniotic fluid for genetic testing?

    <p>Amniocentesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a genetic counselor play for prospective parents?

    <p>Providing analysis of genetic disorder risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of sickle-cell anemia?

    <p>Red blood cells form a sickle shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genetic disorders is associated with visual difficulties?

    <p>Color blindness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from an extra copy of chromosome 21?

    <p>Down syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sample is removed during chorionic villus sampling for genetic testing?

    <p>A piece of the placenta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health issue is NOT caused by genetic disorders?

    <p>Chronic headaches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of genetic counseling for parents?

    <p>To provide an analysis of genetic disorder risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Genetic Disorder

    A health problem caused by a gene or chromosome defect.

    Sickle Cell Anemia

    A genetic disorder causing red blood cells to change shape.

    Cystic Fibrosis

    A genetic disorder where the body makes thick mucus.

    Amniocentesis

    Testing for genetic problems by taking amniotic fluid.

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    Genetic Counselor

    A professional who analyzes birth risks based on genes.

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    What causes a genetic disorder?

    A defect in one or more genes or chromosomes, either from cell division errors or mutagens.

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    How does sickle-cell anemia affect red blood cells?

    It causes them to form a sickle (crescent) shape, making them less efficient at carrying oxygen.

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    What is a key symptom of cystic fibrosis?

    Very thick, sticky mucus that can clog airways and digestive systems.

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    How does color blindness affect vision?

    It makes it difficult to distinguish certain colors, like red and green, or see anything but black, white, and gray.

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    What is Down syndrome?

    A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to delayed mental and social development, flattened facial features, and slanting eyes.

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    What is chorionic villus sampling used for?

    It's a prenatal test where a small piece of placenta is taken to analyze for genetic disorders.

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    Study Notes

    Genetic Disorders

    • Genetic disorders are health problems caused by defects in one or more genes or chromosomes.
    • Defects can arise during cell division or from mutagens.
    • Examples include sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, color blindness, and Down syndrome.

    Sickle-Cell Anemia

    • A genetic disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped.

    Cystic Fibrosis

    • Characterized by the body producing thick, sticky mucus.
    • This mucus interferes with breathing and nutrient absorption.

    Color Blindness

    • Difficulty distinguishing between certain colours (red/green, blue/yellow) or seeing only black, white, and gray.

    Down Syndrome

    • Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
    • Symptoms include delayed mental and social development, flattened facial features, and slanted eyes.

    Diagnostic Procedures

    • Amniocentesis: A medical procedure where amniotic fluid is removed for genetic disorder analysis.
    • Chorionic villus sampling: A procedure that involves taking a sample of the placenta for genetic disorder testing.

    Genetic Counseling

    • Genetic counselors help parents understand the risk of having a child with a genetic disorder.

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    Description

    This quiz explores various genetic disorders including sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, color blindness, and Down syndrome. It also covers the diagnostic procedures used to identify these conditions. Test your knowledge of the genetic defects and their implications on health.

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