Genetic Disorders and Communication Technology
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Questions and Answers

What is a major benefit of using nanotechnology in wind turbines?

  • Lowers the strength of materials
  • Reduces production costs (correct)
  • Increases weight significantly
  • Decreases fuel efficiency

Which country is recognized as the first to develop service robots?

  • Japan (correct)
  • France
  • Germany
  • Canada

What is the term for the process scientists are using to create new varieties of crops?

  • DNA Sequencing
  • Genome Editing (correct)
  • Gene Cloning
  • Transgenic Engineering

Which gas is identified as the main driver of global warming?

<p>Carbon Dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The greenhouse effect is primarily responsible for which phenomenon?

<p>Trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main threats to biodiversity identified by the WHO’s United Nations’ Environment Program?

<p>Habitat loss, pollution, invasive species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What encompasses all kinds of life forms, from single-celled organisms to the largest multi-celled organisms?

<p>Biodiversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched in terms of microscopy?

<p>Electron microscope: Ruska &amp; Knoll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of global warming?

<p>Increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of waste segregation?

<p>To comply with the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

<p>Hydropower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an ecosystem?

<p>The interaction of organisms with each other and their environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes biodiversity?

<p>The different types of organisms present in an ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nanoparticles improve the delivery of chemotherapy drugs?

<p>By targeting specific cells, such as cancer cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gene therapy in cancer treatment?

<p>To block the survival mechanisms of cancer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do nanosensors play in medical diagnostics?

<p>They can identify specific cells or substances in the body accurately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pro-drug gene therapy?

<p>To activate an inactive drug specifically in cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nanoclays in plastic drink bottles benefit the product?

<p>They enhance the plastic's resistance to gas and moisture permeation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

<p>An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?

<p>Nuclear energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is primarily used to generate hydroelectric power?

<p>Potential energy from water in dams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the energy crisis?

<p>A significant decrease in energy resources affecting supply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes biomass energy?

<p>Energy produced from living or once-living organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by apoptosis in the context of cancer therapy?

<p>A programmed cell death mechanism for damaged cancer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental concern associated with nuclear energy?

<p>Radioactive waste products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source harnesses the Earth's internal heat?

<p>Geothermal energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about wind energy is true?

<p>It harnesses the power of the wind to drive turbines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines climate in contrast to weather?

<p>Climate is the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of climate change as described?

<p>Increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a vector in the context of disease transmission?

<p>An organism that carries DNA from one host to another. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does germline gene therapy involve?

<p>Therapy that is inherited by future offspring. (A), Insertion of therapeutic DNA into gametes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a period characterized by the widespread use of computers and the internet?

<p>Information Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials were used to create Egyptian paper?

<p>Papyrus reeds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes somatic gene therapy?

<p>It confers benefits solely to the individual treated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with inventing the mechanical printing press?

<p>Johann Gutenberg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Information Age?

<p>The decline of international trade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term technology primarily refer to?

<p>Applied arts and sciences used in practical applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of biodiversity?

<p>The variety of life on Earth at all its levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines a niche?

<p>The physical environment to which a species is adapted and its role in food webs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes pollution?

<p>Introduction of harmful substances into the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HIV target in the human body?

<p>Immune cells called CD4 cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is AIDS defined in relation to HIV?

<p>The most advanced stage of HIV infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of malaria?

<p>A protozoan parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research does nanotechnology focus on?

<p>Particles too small to be seen and their interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes a nanometer?

<p>A unit equivalent to one billionth of a meter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetic Disorder

A disease caused by an abnormality in a person's DNA sequence.

Vector

An organism that carries the DNA of a disease but doesn't cause the disease itself.

Plasmid

A small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other organisms. It can replicate independently of the main chromosome.

Cloning

The process of creating a genetically identical copy of a cell or organism.

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Germline Gene Therapy

A type of gene therapy where the genetic changes are made in germ cells, like sperm or eggs.

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Somatic Gene Therapy

A type of gene therapy where the genetic changes are made in body cells, not germ cells.

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Information Age

A period marked by the widespread use of computers and the internet. Information is easily created, shared, and accessed.

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Digital Age

A name for the Information Age, emphasizing the use of digital technologies.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life on Earth, encompassing everything from genes to ecosystems, including the processes sustaining life.

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Niche

The specific environment and role a species plays in an ecosystem, including its food sources and interactions.

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Habitat

The natural home of a living thing, providing the conditions it needs to survive.

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Pollution

The introduction of harmful substances or energy into the environment faster than it can be absorbed.

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HIV

A virus that attacks the immune system, weakening the body's defense against infections.

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AIDS

The most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severely weakened immune system and vulnerability to infections.

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Malaria

A disease caused by a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, leading to fever and chills.

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Ecosystem

A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their environment.

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Genetic Engineering

The process of altering the genetic makeup of an organism using biotechnology techniques.

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Electron Microscope

A microscopic instrument that uses a beam of electrons to produce highly magnified images, revealing details invisible to the naked eye.

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Greenhouse Effect

The process by which the Earth's atmosphere traps heat from the sun, keeping the planet warm enough to support life.

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Greenhouse Gas

A gas that contributes significantly to global warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere.

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Global Warming

The primary human-induced cause of climate change, characterized by increasing global temperatures.

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Climate change

A change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over an extended period of time.

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Air Pollutant

Any substance in the air that can harm human health or the environment.

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Renewable Energy

Energy sources that can be replenished naturally over a short period of time, such as months or years.

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Alternative Energy Sources

Alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly and sustainable, often derived from natural resources.

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Hydroelectric Energy

Energy generated from the movement of water, primarily from dams.

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Solar Energy

Energy that comes directly from the sun, a sustainable and abundant resource.

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Wind Energy

Energy generated from the wind's power, often using wind turbines to convert wind energy into electricity.

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Geothermal Energy

Energy harnessed from heat deep within the earth, often used to produce steam for electricity generation.

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Biomass Energy

Energy produced from living or once-living organisms, such as plants or wood.

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Nanoparticle Drug Delivery

The use of nanoparticles to enhance drug delivery, increasing absorption and making it easier to administer, potentially targeting specific cells.

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Nanosensors in Medicine

A technology using nanoscale sensors to identify specific cells or substances within the body.

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Fossil Fuels

Combustible substances like coal, oil, and natural gas that are formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years.

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Harnessing Immune Response for Cancer Treatment

A method of treating cancer by strengthening the body's immune system to better target and destroy cancer cells.

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Gene Therapy for Enhanced Cancer Treatment

A technique using gene therapy to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment by making cancer cells more vulnerable to radiation or chemotherapy.

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Waste Recycling

The process of turning waste materials into new, useful products.

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Pro-drug Gene Therapy for Cancer

A form of gene therapy that inserts genes into cancer cells to convert an inactive drug into an active form, specifically targeting cancer cells and minimizing harm to healthy cells.

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

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Energy

The capacity or power to do work. In this context, it refers to the ability to generate power, such as by producing electricity or fuel.

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Energy Crisis

A significant decrease in the supply of energy resources, affecting electricity generation, fuel usage, and mobility.

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Study Notes

Genetic Disorders

  • Genetic disorders are diseases caused by DNA abnormalities.

Vectors

  • Vectors are organisms that don't cause disease but carry DNA between hosts (e.g., insects).

Plasmids

  • Plasmids are small, circular DNA structures that replicate independently within bacterial or protozoan cells.

Cloning

  • Cloning produces genetically identical copies of a cell or organism.

Germline Gene Therapy

  • Modifies genes in germ cells (sperm or ova), impacting all future offspring.

Somatic Gene Therapy

  • Modifies genes in body cells, affecting only the treated individual.

Information Age

  • Characterized by widespread computer and internet use.
  • Includes information creation, distribution, and consumption.
  • Also known as the digital age.

Communication Technology

  • The Internet enabled rapid data transmission.

Information Age Characteristics

  • Widespread computer use
  • Rapid globalization
  • Digitalization of information
  • Interconnectedness

Printing Press Inventor

  • Johann Gutenberg invented the mechanical printing press.

Egyptian Paper Material

  • Egyptian paper (papyrus) is made from papyrus reeds.

Technology Definition

  • Technology is applied art.

Personal Service Robots

  • Robots for domestic work (e.g., servants), automated wheelchairs, or personal mobility assistance.

Information Age Example

  • Miss Universe 2023 televised across social media and video-sharing.

Genetic Diversity

  • Variety of genetic forms of life on Earth.

Biodiversity

  • The variety of life in the world, encompassing all levels of life from genes to ecosystems.
  • Includes evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life.

Ecological Diversity

  • Variety of different ecosystems, including forests, deserts, or grasslands.

Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt)

  • Is a naturally occurring soil bacterium.
  • Used in GMOs (genetically modified organisms) like corn and eggplant for pest resistance.

GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)

  • Organisms with modified genes.
  • Increased nutritional value in crops is a goal.

GMO Concerns

  • Potential harm to human health and the environment.

Germline Gene Therapy Method

  • Used to treat diseases caused by genetic variations inherited from parents.

Gene Therapy Techniques

  • Gene replacement with healthy genes
  • Introducing new genes into the body
  • Replacing faulty genes within the patient's body

Nanotechnology

  • Scientific research of particles too small to be seen.
  • Impacts other fields of science.

Conservation of Biodiversity

  • Important for all organisms.

Nanotechnology First Discussion

  • In 1959.

Service Robots First Country

  • Japan and the USA were the first countries to develop service robots.

Genome Editing

  • Scientists develop new ways to modify crops and animals.

Cause of Wildlife Decrease

  • Increase in human population.

Climate Change

  • Change in global or regional climate patterns.
  • Increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Weather

  • Short-term atmospheric conditions.

Climate

  • Long-term atmospheric conditions of a region.

Ozone Layer

  • Form of oxygen with three oxygen atoms, shielding Earth from damaging solar radiation.

Greenhouse Effect

  • Natural warming process of Earth's atmosphere from absorbing and emitting solar radiation.

Global Warming

  • Increase in Earth's temperature due to increased greenhouse gases

Fossil Fuels

  • Non-renewable resources consisting of coal, oil, and natural gas.

Deforestation

  • Decrease of forest areas due to agricultural expansion, urbanization or mining.

Waste Segregation

  • Separating waste into different categories (e.g., dry and wet) to improve recycling.

Waste Recycling

  • Process of converting waste materials into reusable products.

Fuel Cells

  • Devices that use chemical reactions to produce heat or electricity.

Ecosystems

  • Communities of organisms interacting with their physical environment.

Terrestrial Environments

  • Ecosystems based on land.

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Science, Technology & Society Finals Reviewer 2024 PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to genetic disorders, vectors, plasmids, and cloning. It also explores the characteristics and implications of the Information Age and communication technology. Test your understanding of these crucial topics in genetics and digital communication.

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