Genetic Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of inheritance is associated with Marfan syndrome?

X-linked dominant

X-linked recessive

Autosomal dominant (correct)

Autosomal recessive

What is the main cause of marfan syndrome?

Aneurysm formation

Increased bioavailability of TGF-beta

Defects in eye structure

Loss of fibrillin-1 (correct)

Which enzyme is deficient in Gaucher disease?

Glucocerebrosidase (correct)

TGF-beta

Alpha-1 anti-trypsin

Fibrillin-1

What is the prevalence of Gaucher disease?

Between 1 in 20,000 and 1 in 40,000 live births Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disorder is Marfan syndrome?

Connective tissue disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Marfan syndrome?

Aneurysms and valvular defects Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome is associated with Marfan syndrome?

Chromosome 15 Signup and view all the answers

What is the defect in Gaucher disease?

Defect in the gene for glucocerebrosidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of Gaucher disease?

Type I – involves organs outside the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the inheritance pattern of X-linked disorders?

Mostly recessive Signup and view all the answers

In X-linked recessive inheritance, the trait is never passed from father to son because:

The trait is only carried on the X chromosome, which sons inherit from their mother. Signup and view all the answers

A male with a mutant allele on his single X chromosome is considered:

Hemizygous for the allele. Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of autosomal recessive disorders manifesting if there is consanguinity?

The risk increases due to the potential for homozygosity of the alleles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical chance of transmission in autosomal dominant inheritance?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Why do heterozygous females usually not express the full phenotypic change in X-linked disorders?

Due to the presence of a paired normal allele. Signup and view all the answers

In X-linked recessive inheritance, who can transmit the disorder to affected males?

Healthy heterozygous female carriers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pattern of inheritance where only males appear affected and the trait is never passed from father to son?

X-linked recessive inheritance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where there is a loss of function of a coagulation factor necessary for clotting?

Hemophilia A. Signup and view all the answers

What category of diseases can affect both males and females throughout many generations?

Autosomal dominant pedigree. Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation can lead to a frameshift mutation?

Insertion of a single nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

Which type of point mutation results in a significant change in protein function?

Nonconservative missense mutation Signup and view all the answers

What mutation can lead to premature ending of translation and a truncated protein?

Nonsense mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation involves interchanges of purines or pyrimidines, and can result in changes at one or very few nucleotides?

Transitions Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation can lead to a total loss of function of the protein?

Frameshift mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation results in the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis?

Non-frameshifting indels Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation involves interchanges of purine for pyrimidine bases?

Transversions Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation is protective against malaria?

Sickle-cell trait Signup and view all the answers

Which type of missense mutation leads to significant changes in function?

Nonconservative missense mutation Signup and view all the answers

What determines the likelihood and intensity of expression in autosomal dominant disorders?

Penetrance and expressivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Mendelian disorder is manifested in the heterozygous or homozygous state and usually has at least one affected parent?

Autosomal dominant Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for disorders caused by mutations in single genes?

Mendelian disorders Signup and view all the answers

All sex linked disorders are _____

Signup and view all the answers

Gaucher disease is an example of_____

Autosomal recessive Signup and view all the answers

Hemophilia is an example of ______

X-linked recessive Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetic Mutations and Disorders Overview

Gene mutations can be point mutations, frameshift mutations, or trinucleotide-repeat mutations
Lifetime frequency of genetic disorders is estimated at 670/1000, with 50% of miscarriages having chromosomal abnormalities
Point mutations can be substitutions, insertions, or deletions, with transitions and transversions being types of substitutions
Insertions or deletions of nucleotides can lead to frameshift mutations, resulting in the loss of protein function
Silent or conservative missense point mutations cause little or no change in function, while nonconservative missense mutations lead to significant changes in function
Some mutations, like those causing sickle cell anemia, have protective effects, such as resistance to malaria
Mendelian disorders can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked, and are caused by mutations in single genes
Autosomal dominant disorders are manifested in the heterozygous or homozygous state and usually have at least one affected parent
Penetrance and expressivity determine the likelihood and intensity of the disorder's expression in autosomal dominant disorders
Most mutations in autosomal dominant disorders lead to a protein with reduced function or decreased production
Disorders due to insufficient enzyme production tend to be recessive
The molecular mechanisms behind the variability in the expression of autosomal dominant disorders are not fully understood

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Description

Test your knowledge of genetic disorders with this quiz covering gene mutations, complex multigenic disorders, and chromosomal disorders. Learn about frameshift mutations, point mutations, trinucleotide-repeat mutations, and more. Understand how genotype commonly contributes to disease and the estimated frequency of genetic disorders.