42 Questions
Which amino acid does UGG represent?
Tryptophan
What amino acid does the codon AUA represent?
Isoleucine
What does the codon AAA represent?
Lysine
Which codon signals the end of protein synthesis?
UGA
What amino acid does the codon UCG represent?
Serine
What amino acid does the codon CCC represent?
Proline
What amino acid does the codon UCU represent?
Serine
What is the function of the UAA codon?
Signals the end of protein synthesis
The sugar molecule in DNA is called ______.
deoxyribose
In RNA, uracil (U) is used instead of ______.
thymine
DNA, the sugar is ______; in RNA, it's ______.
deoxyribose, ribose
A nitrogenous base: There are four types in DNA - adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and ______; in RNA, uracil (U) is used instead of thymine.
thymine
When nucleotides connect, they form the structure of DNA and ______.
RNA
The phosphate group links to the sugar, which in turn is attached to the ______.
base
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ______ sugar
ribose
DNA uses the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). RNA also uses adenine, guanine, and cytosine, but it uses ______ (U) instead of thymine
uracil
DNA is typically found as a ______-stranded helix, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded
double
The difference is the presence of one more oxygen atom in the ribose sugar of ______
RNA
Transcribing the given DNA sequence into mRNA would involve replacing thymine (T) with ______ (U) because RNA uses uracil in place of thymine
uracil
The molecule responsible for transcription is ______ polymerase
RNA
The 3-letter sequences in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids during the process of translation are called ______.
codons
Each codon specifies a particular amino acid that is to be added to the growing ______ chain.
polypeptide
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA determines protein structure
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
DNA
What did Francis Crick coin around 1965?
The central dogma of molecular biology
Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What type of nucleic acid carries information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the function of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in protein synthesis?
Assembling amino acids into proteins
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Assembling amino acids into proteins
What are the two processes involved in the central dogma of molecular biology?
Transcription and Translation
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins
Which sugar molecule is found in RNA?
Ribose
What replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil
Which process is involved in the central dogma of molecular biology?
Transcription
What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
Carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
Which statement about retroviruses like HIV is true in relation to the central dogma?
They do not obey the central dogma
How many different combinations of alleles are possible in a dihybrid cross?
16
Punnett squares are less accurate for traits controlled by many genes because:
The traits have more complex inheritance patterns
What is the primary purpose of Punnett squares?
To determine missing genotypes in a cross
What can Punnett squares determine in a cross?
Both genotypes and phenotypes
How many different combinations of alleles are possible in a dihybrid cross?
16
Why are Punnett squares less accurate for traits controlled by many genes?
Many genes lead to more complex interactions
Test your knowledge of genetic codes and amino acids with this quiz. Identify stop codons and match them with their corresponding amino acids.
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