Science test- Protein Synthesis, Punnet squares, Central dogma, DNA RNA
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Questions and Answers

Which amino acid does UGG represent?

  • Proline
  • Glutamic acid
  • Tryptophan (correct)
  • Valine

    • What amino acid does the codon AUA represent?

  • Isoleucine (correct)
  • Tryptophan
  • Leucine
  • Valine

    • What does the codon AAA represent?

  • Arginine
  • Histidine
  • Lysine (correct)
  • Phenylalanine

    • Which codon signals the end of protein synthesis?

    <p>UGA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amino acid does the codon UCG represent?

    <p>Serine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amino acid does the codon CCC represent?

    <p>Proline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amino acid does the codon UCU represent?

    <p>Serine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the UAA codon?

    <p>Signals the end of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sugar molecule in DNA is called ______.

    <p>deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RNA, uracil (U) is used instead of ______.

    <p>thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA, the sugar is ______; in RNA, it's ______.

    <p>deoxyribose, ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nitrogenous base: There are four types in DNA - adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and ______; in RNA, uracil (U) is used instead of thymine.

    <p>thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When nucleotides connect, they form the structure of DNA and ______.

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phosphate group links to the sugar, which in turn is attached to the ______.

    <p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ______ sugar

    <p>ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA uses the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). RNA also uses adenine, guanine, and cytosine, but it uses ______ (U) instead of thymine

    <p>uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is typically found as a ______-stranded helix, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded

    <p>double</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The difference is the presence of one more oxygen atom in the ribose sugar of ______

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcribing the given DNA sequence into mRNA would involve replacing thymine (T) with ______ (U) because RNA uses uracil in place of thymine

    <p>uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecule responsible for transcription is ______ polymerase

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 3-letter sequences in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids during the process of translation are called ______.

    <p>codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each codon specifies a particular amino acid that is to be added to the growing ______ chain.

    <p>polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA determines protein structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Francis Crick coin around 1965?

    <p>The central dogma of molecular biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nucleic acid carries information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Assembling amino acids into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

    <p>Assembling amino acids into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two processes involved in the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>Transcription and Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar molecule is found in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaces thymine in RNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is involved in the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about retroviruses like HIV is true in relation to the central dogma?

    <p>They do not obey the central dogma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different combinations of alleles are possible in a dihybrid cross?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Punnett squares are less accurate for traits controlled by many genes because:

    <p>The traits have more complex inheritance patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Punnett squares?

    <p>To determine missing genotypes in a cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can Punnett squares determine in a cross?

    <p>Both genotypes and phenotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different combinations of alleles are possible in a dihybrid cross?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Punnett squares less accurate for traits controlled by many genes?

    <p>Many genes lead to more complex interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Code and Amino Acids

    • UGG codon represents the amino acid Tryptophan.
    • AUA codon signifies the amino acid Isoleucine.
    • AAA codon corresponds to the amino acid Lysine.
    • UAA codon functions as a stop signal, indicating the end of protein synthesis.
    • UCG codon denotes the amino acid Serine.
    • CCC codon represents the amino acid Proline.
    • UCU codon corresponds to the amino acid Serine as well.

    DNA and RNA Structure

    • The sugar molecule in DNA is deoxyribose.
    • Uracil (U) in RNA replaces thymine (T) found in DNA.
    • DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
    • DNA's nitrogenous bases include adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); in RNA, uracil is used instead of thymine.
    • Nucleotides connect to form the structure of DNA and RNA.
    • The phosphate group links to the sugar, which is attached to the nitrogenous base.
    • DNA is typically double-stranded, whereas RNA tends to be single-stranded.
    • Ribose sugar has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose sugar.

    Transcription and Translation

    • In transcription, thymine (T) is replaced with uracil (U) in the mRNA sequence.
    • RNA polymerase is responsible for the transcription process.
    • Codons in mRNA are three-letter sequences corresponding to specific amino acids.
    • Each codon specifies an amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.

    Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    • The central dogma involves genetic information flow from DNA to RNA to protein.
    • The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the DNA sequence.
    • Francis Crick coined the term "central dogma" around 1965.
    • Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
    • Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
    • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a crucial role in translating genetic information into proteins.
    • Ribosomes facilitate the protein synthesis process.
    • The two key processes in the central dogma are transcription and translation.

    Punnett Squares and Genetic Inheritance

    • Punnett squares illustrate possible allele combinations in genetic crosses.
    • They are less accurate for traits controlled by multiple genes due to increased complexity.
    • The primary purpose of Punnett squares is to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
    • Dihybrid crosses yield multiple combinations of alleles; the exact number depends on the traits involved.

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    Test your knowledge of genetic codes and amino acids with this quiz. Identify stop codons and match them with their corresponding amino acids.

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