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Biochem Lecture 12a
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Biochem Lecture 12a

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Questions and Answers

In what direction is the genetic code written?

  • From middle to both ends
  • 3' to 5'
  • 5' to 3' (correct)
  • Random direction
  • Which base in a codon is less crucial in binding to tRNA?

  • All bases are equally crucial
  • Second base
  • Third base (correct)
  • First base
  • How many termination codons are there in the genetic code?

  • 1
  • 3 (correct)
  • 2
  • 4
  • Which codon acts as both an initiation codon and a Methionine codon?

    <p>AUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the resistance of the genetic code to mutations?

    <p>Degeneracy of the code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids have more than one codon in the genetic code?

    <p>All except Methionine and Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Codon bias' in the genetic code refers to which of the following?

    <p>Preference for certain codons over others that specify the same amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of UGA in the genetic code of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>Encodes Trp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrate mitochondrial DNA, what does AGA/AGG encode?

    <p>STOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many tRNAs are used by mitochondria compared to the standard genetic code?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'wobble' hypothesis in the genetic code?

    <p>Permits rapid dissociation of mRNA from tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleotide can form weak hydrogen bonds with A, U, and C in some tRNAs?

    <p>Inosinate (I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of codons recognized by a tRNA?

    <p>The first base of the anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the chemical energy of a cell can protein synthesis use up?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Acting as an 'adapter' to translate mRNA into protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What keeps pace with protein synthesis?

    <p>Degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does codon bias have on minimizing the effect of mutations in the genetic code?

    <p>Minimizes the effect of mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a mutation in the first base of a codon typically affect the amino acid sequence?

    <p>Frequently results in a conservative substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of translational frameshifting in protein synthesis?

    <p>Allows for translation of completely different proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is translational frameshifting described in relation to ribosomes?

    <p>Ribosomes hiccup to change the reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a slippery sequence influence translational frameshifting?

    <p>Facilitates ribosome shifting in reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RNA secondary structure contribute to translational frameshifting?

    <p>Induces ribosome pausing, affecting reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of guide RNAs in RNA editing?

    <p>Act as templates for the editing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are essential for reverse transcriptase in HIV1 replication?

    <p>Gag and pol proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which genomes is RNA editing common?

    <p>Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inserting four U residues in post-transcriptional editing?

    <p>Revises the reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the editosome in RNA editing?

    <p>Multienzymatic complex for editing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism's mitochondrial genome provides an example of RNA editing in the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit II gene?

    <p>Trypanosoma brucei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do guide RNAs do in the editing process?

    <p>Act as templates for the editing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

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