Questions and Answers
What is a genetic code?
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA and RNA) is translated into proteins by living cells.
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that makes proteins.
Do all living organisms have the same genetic code?
True
What are the different types of codons?
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What is one application of the universal genetic code?
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During Translation, which molecule acts as the translator? Explain how.
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Do all cells have ribosomes? If ribosomes are messed up, can a cell be functional?
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Study Notes
Genetic Code Overview
- The genetic code translates genetic information from DNA and RNA into proteins within living cells.
- It serves as the foundation for how organisms develop and function.
Gene Definition
- A gene is a specific segment of DNA responsible for producing proteins, which are essential for various biological processes.
Universal Genetic Code
- All living organisms share the same genetic code, highlighting a fundamental similarity in the biology of diverse life forms.
Types of Codons
- There are 61 codons that correspond to specific amino acids, with AUG serving as the initiation codon that starts protein synthesis.
Application of Genetic Code
- The universal genetic code allows for the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), enabling the introduction of new traits and characteristics.
Role of tRNA in Translation
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) functions as the translator during the translation process, linking mRNA codons to their corresponding amino acids, facilitating protein assembly.
Ribosomes in Cells
- All cells contain ribosomes, which are crucial for protein synthesis; disrupted ribosomes result in non-functional cells, affecting overall cellular activity.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the genetic code with these flashcards. Learn key concepts such as what a genetic code is, the definition of a gene, and the universality of the genetic code among living organisms. Perfect for students of biology and genetics.
