Genetic Code Flashcards

Genetic Code Overview

• The genetic code translates genetic information from DNA and RNA into proteins within living cells.
• It serves as the foundation for how organisms develop and function.

Gene Definition

• A gene is a specific segment of DNA responsible for producing proteins, which are essential for various biological processes.

Universal Genetic Code

• All living organisms share the same genetic code, highlighting a fundamental similarity in the biology of diverse life forms.

Types of Codons

• There are 61 codons that correspond to specific amino acids, with AUG serving as the initiation codon that starts protein synthesis.

Application of Genetic Code

• The universal genetic code allows for the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), enabling the introduction of new traits and characteristics.

Role of tRNA in Translation

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) functions as the translator during the translation process, linking mRNA codons to their corresponding amino acids, facilitating protein assembly.

Ribosomes in Cells

• All cells contain ribosomes, which are crucial for protein synthesis; disrupted ribosomes result in non-functional cells, affecting overall cellular activity.