Genes in Cancer Development
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?

  • Oncogenes inhibit tumorigenesis, while tumor suppressor genes promote it.
  • Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have the same function in tumorigenesis.
  • Oncogenes have no role in tumorigenesis, while tumor suppressor genes are essential.
  • Oncogenes act as accelerators, while tumor suppressor genes act as brakes in tumorigenesis. (correct)

    • How do mutations in oncogenes typically occur?

  • They are always frameshift mutations leading to truncated proteins.
  • They are usually nonsense mutations affecting both alleles.
  • They are often missense mutations affecting specific hotspots or neighboring codons. (correct)
  • They occur randomly throughout the gene.

    • What is a characteristic of mutations in tumor suppressor genes?

  • They are always missense mutations affecting one allele.
  • They are clustered at specific hotspots in the gene.
  • They are typically nonsense mutations affecting only one allele.
  • They often lead to truncated proteins and affect both alleles, causing loss of heterozygosity. (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a major type of somatic mutation present in malignant tumors?

    <p>Gene amplifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct regarding the mutations in oncogenes?

    <p>They are heterozygous mutations affecting only one allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of mutations is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Gene fusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the completion of the Human Genome Project?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the construction of the HapMap?

    <p>Both b and c.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cancer genes were successfully discovered before the elucidation of the human genome?

    <p>KRAS, TP53, and APC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first curated version of the Human Genome Project?

    <p>A sequence-based map of the normal human genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the information from the Human Genome Project and the HapMap allow?

    <p>Both a and b.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ambitious goal that became within reach of the scientific community for the first time?

    <p>The identification of all the genetic changes associated with a human cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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