Lower Urinary Tract Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of bladder tumors are papillomas?

  • More than 20%
  • 1% or less (correct)
  • Less than 5%
  • Around 10%

What is the typical size range of exophytic papillomas?

  • 5 cm to 10 cm in diameter
  • 0.5 cm to 2 cm in diameter (correct)
  • 1 cm to 5 cm in diameter
  • 2 cm to 10 cm in diameter

What is the characteristic of the epithelium covering the central core of papillae?

  • It is histologically identical to normal urothelium (correct)
  • It is histologically different from normal urothelium
  • It is hyperplastic
  • It is inflamed and ulcerated

What is the significance of multiple discrete tumors in the bladder?

<p>They are often present in papillary lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the finger-like projections in papillary lesions?

<p>Papillae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a benign tumor becomes malignant?

<p>Progression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common precursor lesion to invasive urothelial carcinoma?

<p>Noninvasive papillary tumors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the range of atypical changes in papillary tumors?

<p>Grading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of acute or chronic bacterial cystitis?

<p>Retrograde spread of colonic bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for flat noninvasive urothelial carcinoma?

<p>Carcinoma in situ (CIS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pattern of tumors shown in Figure 21.4?

<p>Morphologic patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bladder inflammation caused by chemotherapy?

<p>Hemorrhagic cystitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of bladder cancer?

<p>Painless hematuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of urothelial neoplasms are non-muscle-invasive?

<p>70% to 80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor lesion to urothelial carcinoma in situ?

<p>Urothelial dysplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a papillary urothelial tumor that is not muscle-invasive?

<p>Noninvasive papillary urothelial tumor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unusual variant of urothelial cancer that has deceptively bland cytology?

<p>Nested variant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential complication of obstruction of the ureteral orifice in bladder cancer?

<p>Pyelonephritis or hydronephrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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