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Questions and Answers
What is a gene?
What is a gene?
A unit of heredity found in a certain place on a chromosome and that codes for a certain product.
What is heredity?
What is heredity?
The passing of genes from parent to offspring.
What is an allele?
What is an allele?
Various forms of the same gene.
What is phenotype?
What is phenotype?
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What is genotype?
What is genotype?
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What is an allele that is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is in the genotype?
What is an allele that is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is in the genotype?
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What is an allele that is expressed in the phenotype when two copies of it are present in the genotype?
What is an allele that is expressed in the phenotype when two copies of it are present in the genotype?
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Do cells contain chromosomes?
Do cells contain chromosomes?
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Do some organisms reproduce with asexual reproduction?
Do some organisms reproduce with asexual reproduction?
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Many traits are _______.
Many traits are _______.
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An ___________ trait is a trait that is developed during life.
An ___________ trait is a trait that is developed during life.
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What function do genes serve?
What function do genes serve?
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What is one function of the X and Y chromosomes in humans?
What is one function of the X and Y chromosomes in humans?
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What is the phenotype?
What is the phenotype?
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What are mutations?
What are mutations?
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What is a section of DNA on a chromosome that contains the instructions for making a specific protein?
What is a section of DNA on a chromosome that contains the instructions for making a specific protein?
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What does the A stand for?
What does the A stand for?
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What does the T stand for?
What does the T stand for?
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What does the C stand for?
What does the C stand for?
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What does the G stand for?
What does the G stand for?
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What letters go together in DNA sequences?
What letters go together in DNA sequences?
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What is found on RNA but not DNA?
What is found on RNA but not DNA?
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What is a Punnett square?
What is a Punnett square?
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What do Punnett squares show?
What do Punnett squares show?
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How many alleles does the offspring receive from each parent?
How many alleles does the offspring receive from each parent?
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Each parent has how many alleles for a gene?
Each parent has how many alleles for a gene?
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Each human cell with its 46 chromosomes contains how many base pairs in its DNA?
Each human cell with its 46 chromosomes contains how many base pairs in its DNA?
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What can damage DNA and cause mutations?
What can damage DNA and cause mutations?
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What are alleles?
What are alleles?
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Study Notes
Genes Overview
- A gene is a hereditary unit located on a chromosome, coding for specific products.
- Genes serve as the instructions for traits and functions in organisms.
- Each gene can have multiple forms called alleles.
Heredity
- Heredity refers to the transmission of genes from parent to offspring.
- Traits inherited through heredity influence key characteristics.
Alleles
- Alleles are variations of the same gene that can affect traits.
- Dominant alleles manifest in the phenotype even with one copy present.
- Recessive alleles only express themselves in the phenotype when two copies are present.
Genotype and Phenotype
- Genotype represents the genetic makeup of an organism.
- Phenotype describes the observable characteristics, such as hair or eye color.
Chromosomes and Cells
- All cells contain chromosomes that house genes.
- Humans have 46 chromosomes, comprising a vast number of DNA base pairs (6 billion).
Reproduction
- Organisms can reproduce sexually or asexually, with traits being passed down through generations.
- Each parent provides one allele for each gene, totaling two alleles per parent.
DNA and RNA
- DNA sequences consist of base pairs: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
- RNA differs from DNA by containing Uracil (U) instead of Thymine.
Mutations
- Mutations are permanent alterations in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome, potentially causing changes in traits.
- Mutagens, such as X-rays, can damage DNA, leading to mutations.
Punnett Squares
- Punnett squares illustrate potential combinations of parental alleles in offspring.
- They predict possible outcomes for inheritance based on parental genotypes.
Acquired Traits
- Some traits, known as acquired traits, develop during an organism's life and are not inherited genetically.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore essential concepts related to genetics with these flashcards. From basic definitions like gene and allele to complex topics such as phenotype and heredity, this quiz helps reinforce your understanding of genetic principles. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams.
