Biology Chapter 10: Genetics and Heredity

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between Heredity and Variation?

Heredity refers to the passing of traits from parents to offspring, while variation refers to the differences in traits among individuals.

What are the three main categories of Key Vocabulary in Chapter 10?

The three main categories of Key Vocabulary in Chapter 10 are Heredity, Variation, and Genetics.

What is the difference between Genes and Gametes?

Genes are the units of heredity that are responsible for specific traits. Gametes are sex cells (egg or sperm) that carry half the number of chromosomes found in normal body cells.

What is the difference between Somatic cells and Gametes?

Somatic cells are all the cells in the body except for the reproductive cells (gametes). Gametes are the sex cells (egg or sperm) that carry half the number of chromosomes found in normal body cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction?

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing offspring that are genetically identical to itself. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) from two parents to create genetically unique offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is a clone?

A clone is an organism that is genetically identical to another organism. It is a result of asexual reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a Haploid cell and a Diploid cell?

A haploid cell contains one complete set of chromosomes. A diploid cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What does a Karyotype illustrate?

A karyotype illustrates the number and appearance of chromosomes in an individual, arranged in pairs from largest to smallest. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for chromosomes to be Homologous?

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are identical in size and shape and have the same genes in the same locations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosome pairs and reduces the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II separates the sister chromatids of each chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of crossing over during Meiosis?

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Meiosis. It is a key process that contributes to genetic diversity in offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tetrad and how is it formed?

A tetrad is a four-stranded structure formed during Prophase I of Meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up. Each strand represents a chromatid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Random Fertilization and Independent Assortment?

Random fertilization refers to the random combination of sperm and egg during fertilization. Independent assortment is the random separation of homologous chromosome pairs during Meiosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a Recombinant Chromosome in relation to genetic variation?

A recombinant chromosome is created as a result of crossing over, mixing up genetic material from a parent. This leads to increased genetic variation as offspring inherit a unique combination of genes. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Variation

The differences in traits among individuals of the same species.