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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary role of DNA?
Which of the following best describes the primary role of DNA?
- To provide the cell with its structural framework.
- To facilitate the transport of proteins throughout the cell.
- To store and transmit inherited information. (correct)
- To act as a catalyst for cellular reactions.
Where are chromosomes primarily located within a cell?
Where are chromosomes primarily located within a cell?
- The cytoplasm
- The ribosomes
- The cell membrane
- The nucleus (correct)
A gene can be best described as a:
A gene can be best described as a:
- Specific sequence of DNA coding for a particular trait. (correct)
- Segment of a chromosome that codes for an RNA molecule.
- Structure found in the cytoplasm that helps with protein assembly.
- Type of protein that helps catalyze cell reactions.
What is the term for a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence?
What is the term for a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common mutagen?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common mutagen?
Flashcards
Heredity
Heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Gene
Gene
The basic unit of heredity, responsible for a specific trait.
DNA
DNA
A long molecule containing genetic information, found in the nucleus of cells.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
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Mutations
Mutations
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Study Notes
Characteristics and Heredity
- Characteristics describe traits, such as eye color and nose shape.
- Heredity is the process of inheriting traits from parents.
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes
- DNA is a biological molecule containing hereditary information.
- It is found in the nucleus, a cellular control center.
- It has a double helix structure.
- DNA directs the creation of proteins within the cell, regulating functions like growth, cell division, and death. Without it, there is no genetic information.
- Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins.
- Chromosomes are long strands of DNA, very compact.
- Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
- XX = Female
- XY = Male
Genes
- A gene segment of a chromosome.
- Genes code for specific proteins.
- Cells use specific genes to create proteins, determining their functions.
- The same DNA is found in every cell, yet different genes are activated in different cells to create specialized cells.
Mutations
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence (A, T, C, G).
- Types of mutations:
- Deletion: Loss of a DNA segment.
- Addition: Extra DNA segment.
- Substitution: Replacing one DNA segment with another.
- Effects of mutations:
- Positive: Beneficial for survival or reproduction.
- Negative: Detrimental to survival or reproduction.
- Neutral: No noticeable effect on survival or reproduction.
Mutagens
- Mutagens are factors that cause mutations.
- Examples of mutagens:
- Natural: Certain viruses, UV/gamma rays.
- Human activity: Cigarette smoke, chemical products, industrial waste (e.g. mercury)
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