Genes and DNA Close Reading Quiz

Adenine = A Guanine = G Cytosine = C Thymine = T

Point mutations = Most common type of gene mutation Base-pair insertions or deletions = Involves larger segments of a chromosome Single nucleotide pair mutation = Also known as base-pair substitution Altering nucleotide sequences = Results in non-functioning proteins

Genetic variation and potential disease development = Result of changes in the genetic code Problems during protein synthesis = Result of gene mutations affecting nucleotide sequences Non-functioning proteins = Result of altering nucleotide sequences Changes in the genetic code = Result of genetic variation and potential disease development

<p>Genes = Sequences of DNA that provide information for building, growing, and maintaining cells Chromosomes = Thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells where genes are located Nucleus = Cell organelle where chromosomes are found DNA = Contains the code made up of four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silent Mutation = Does not change the protein that is to be produced Missense Mutation = Alters the nucleotide sequence so that a different amino acid is produced Nonsense Mutation = Alters the nucleotide sequence to code for a stop codon in place of an amino acid Base-Pair Insertions And Deletions = Occurs when nucleotide base pairs are inserted into or deleted from the original gene sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beneficial to organism = May have a positive effect on the organism Harmful to organism = May have a negative effect on the organism Little impact on protein = May not have much impact on the resulting protein Alters resulting protein = Changes the structure of the resulting protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insertion Mutation = Adding of nucleotides to a DNA segment Deletion Mutation = Removal of a nucleotide from a DNA segment Frame-shift mutation = Caused by insertions and deletions, leading to a shift in the reading frame Nonfunctional protein production = Resulting from insertions and deletions causing frame-shift mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA reading analogy = Compares DNA sequence reading to reading a book Reading frame shift analogy = Explains how insertions and deletions cause a shift in the reading frame Protein production analogy = Compares protein production to a manufacturing process DNA sequence template analogy = Compares DNA sequence to a blueprint for building proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers