Questions and Answers
What does generalization refer to?
Responses to a new stimulus based on prior experience with similar stimuli.
What is basic generalization?
Responses to changes in presentation of stimuli such as angle or direction (not intensity).
What is intensity generalization?
Responses to changes in intensity of stimulus presented, e.g., increase or decrease in brightness, volume or temperature.
What does peak-shift generalization refer to?
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What does the chart showing basic generalization illustrate?
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What does the chart showing intensity generalization reveal?
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What does the chart showing peak-shift generalization indicate?
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What does the chart showing basic generalization with 2 closely-related stimuli reveal?
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Study Notes
Generalization Concepts
- Generalization involves responding to a new stimulus based on prior experiences with similar stimuli.
- Basic generalization refers to reactions to changes in the presentation of stimuli, such as alterations in angle or direction rather than intensity.
- Intensity generalization focuses on responses to variations in the intensity of stimulating factors, like changes in brightness, volume, or temperature.
Types of Generalization
- Peak-shift generalization occurs when responses are influenced by a combination of both reinforced and unreinforced stimuli, including the background stimuli context.
Charts and Analysis
- A chart demonstrating basic generalization shows that as the horizontal position of the stimulus changes, response frequency peaks when adjacent to the stimulus, tapering off the further the position is from it.
- Intensity generalization is illustrated by an asymmetrical curve indicating that response frequency increases with a stronger stimulus, highlighting a direct relationship between intensity and response frequency.
- Peak-shift generalization is represented by a chart where presenting an unrewarded stimulus (S-) results in a leftward shift of the response peak from the rewarded stimulus. Responses decrease for the rewarded stimulus, while an ideal, unpresented stimulus would evoke the most responses. The background remains level, indicating the lowest response frequency.
Related Stimuli and Responses
- A chart depicting basic generalization with two closely related stimuli shows that similar stimuli elicit comparable responses. If stimuli are too similar, their response peaks may merge, reestablishing a normal bell curve, whereas greater differences lead to broader response peaks.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of generalization and its different types in psychology. This quiz delves into basic and intensity generalization, as well as peak-shift generalization, and includes analysis through charts. Test your understanding of how responses are influenced by various stimuli.
