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What is formed when acetic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst?

  • Ethyl acetate (correct)
  • Nitrile
  • Amide
  • Acetic anhydride

    • Which of the following statements accurately describes amides?

  • Amides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution at the slowest rate. (correct)
  • Amides are formed from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
  • Amides can be easily hydrolyzed to esters.
  • Amides are highly reactive due to weak hydrogen bonding.

    • What effect does the presence of a methyl group (-CH₃) on a carboxylic acid have on its acidity?

  • It increases the acidity of the carboxylic acid.
  • It has no effect on the acidity.
  • It makes the carboxylic acid more reactive.
  • It decreases the acidity of the carboxylic acid. (correct)

    • What is a key characteristic of nitriles?

    <p>They can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes anhydrides?

    <p>Anhydrides are reactive and can be made from acid chlorides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is produced when ethyl acetate undergoes acid-catalyzed hydrolysis?

    <p>Acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of forming esters?

    <p>Reacting carboxylic acids with alcohols in an acid-catalyzed process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction leads to the formation of amides from carboxylic acids?

    <p>Nucleophilic acyl substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of vaccines?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines provides immunity against hepatitis B infection?

    <p>Hepatitis B Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capsid in the context of viruses?

    <p>The protein shell surrounding the viral genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does a virus cause the host cell to burst, releasing new viral particles?

    <p>Lytic Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the initial step of viral infection where the virus binds to specific receptors on the host cell?

    <p>Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'genome' refer to in viruses?

    <p>The genetic material of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus specifically infects bacteria?

    <p>Bacteriophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows the viral genetic material to enter the host cell?

    <p>Penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for a compound with a bromine group on carbon 3 and a methyl group on carbon 1?

    <p>3-Bromo-1-methylbenzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound consists of two benzene rings fused together?

    <p>Naphthalene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aromatic compound contains nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in the ring structure?

    <p>Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an anthropogenic source of organic pollutants?

    <p>Agricultural runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for anthracene?

    <p>C₁₄H₁₀</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a five-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom?

    <p>Pyridine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is NOT a mechanism of degradation for organic pollutants?

    <p>Synthetic degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about 1,4-Dimethylbenzene?

    <p>The methyl groups are on carbons 1 and 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the RTS,S malaria vaccine?

    <p>To reduce the burden of malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as an anti-protozoal drug?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an anthelmintic drug?

    <p>A drug that treats infections caused by helminths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes sterilization?

    <p>It destroys all forms of microbial life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a vector in disease transmission?

    <p>To transmit pathogens or parasites to a host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key focus of virology?

    <p>The classification and life cycles of viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best defines Mass Drug Administration (MDA)?

    <p>Distributing medications to entire populations to control diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic material can viruses contain?

    <p>Both DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when ethyl acetate is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid catalyst?

    <p>Acetic acid and ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix used in the IUPAC naming of carboxylic acids?

    <p>-oic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the parent chain in methanoic acid?

    <p>1 carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the presence of substituents in the IUPAC naming of carboxylic acids?

    <p>Position numbers and names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you name a carboxylic acid with two carboxyl groups?

    <p>Using the suffix -dioic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for ethanoic acid?

    <p>Acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents propanoic acid?

    <p>CH3CH2COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does the carboxyl group (-COOH) contribute to carboxylic acids?

    <p>Acidic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Gram-positive bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria in terms of cell wall structure?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining reaction occurs in Gram-negative bacteria when subjected to the Gram stain procedure?

    <p>They do not retain the crystal violet stain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

    <p>Infections become harder to treat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

    <p>Completion of prescribed antibiotic courses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is an example of Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do some bacteria play in the human body?

    <p>They assist in digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

    <p>They produce enzymes to neutralize antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the role of bacteria in nitrogen fixation is true?

    <p>Certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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