General Study Notes Quiz

Process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

The stage in meiosis I where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material.

The first division in meiosis where homologous chromosome pairs are separated, resulting in two haploid daughter cells.

The second division in meiosis where sister chromatids are separated, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting cells.

Twins that develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos, resulting in identical DNA.

Twins that develop from two separate fertilized eggs, resulting in different DNA.

An error that occurs in meiosis I where homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during anaphase.

The study of ancient life through fossils. It involves examining fossils to understand the history of life on Earth.

The idea that the Earth's changes occur slowly over time, and these gradual changes also affect species populations.

A theory that suggests species inherit traits from their ancestors that help them survive, and they lose traits that are not beneficial.

The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than others.

Changes in the frequency of alleles within a population over time due to random chance. It can lead to the loss or fixation of specific alleles.

The most common form of natural selection where the intermediate variation is favored, while extreme variations are selected against.

A type of natural selection where one extreme variation is favored over the other, shifting the population towards that extreme.

Natural selection that favors two or more extreme variations, leading to a split in the population and possibly the formation of new species.

The process of how new and distinct species arise over time.

A group of similar organisms that can reproduce and create fertile offspring.

A process of speciation where new species evolve gradually over long periods.

A process of speciation where new species evolve quickly with periods of little change.

A form of speciation where a population is separated by a physical barrier, leading to isolation and the formation of new species.

A form of speciaton where new species arise within the same population, without physical separation.

A rapid diversification of species from a single ancestor, often in a new or isolated environment.

Species with similar ancestral origins evolve different traits due to adaptation to different environments.

Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues. They are flexible and elastic to withstand high pressure.

Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body's tissues. They have valves to prevent backflow.

Tiny blood vessels connecting arteries and veins where gas exchange occurs between blood and cells.

The muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. It has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs. The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms that move using cilia, hair-like structures for locomotion. Some are free-living, while others are parasites like the one causing diarrhea in humans.

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms that move using pseudopods, temporary extensions of their cytoplasm. Some are free-living, while others are parasites like those that cause intestinal illness.

Parasitic eukaryotic organisms that live in and feed on the blood of humans and other animals. They reproduce asexually via mitosis and sexually by forming spores.

A type of eukaryotic organism that resembles an amoeba, engulfing food particles and reproducing with spores. They are found in moist environments like decaying matter.

Fungus-like organisms that live in water or moist environments and decompose decaying matter. They release enzymes to digest their food and absorb nutrients.

Large organic molecules that provide quick energy for cells. They consist of monosaccharides (single sugars), disaccharides (double sugars), and polysaccharides (chains of sugars).

Organic molecules that store more energy than carbs, cushion organs, and provide insulation. They consist of glycerol attached to one or more fatty acid chains.

Large organic molecules that build and repair muscles, form membranes, act as enzymes, and fight infections. They are long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

The contraction phase of the heart, where the ventricles pump blood out of the heart.

The relaxation phase of the heart, where the chambers fill with blood.

A measurement of the electrical activity of the heart, used to assess heart health.

A small wave on an ECG reading representing atrial contraction.

A group of three waves on an ECG, reflecting ventricular contraction.

A wave on an ECG marking ventricular relaxation.

A condition where artery walls thicken and narrow, impeding blood flow.

Cancer of the white blood cells, leading to overproduction of immature cells.