General Study Notes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Exchange materials between blood and cells

Regulate blood pressure

Transport deoxygenated blood into the heart (correct)

Arteries have one-way valves to prevent backflow of blood.

False

What type of muscle makes up the heart, and what is its main characteristic?

Cardiac muscle, which contracts and relaxes.

Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the ________ veins.

pulmonary Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the heart with their functions:

Right atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood from the body Left ventricle = Pumps oxygenated blood to the body Tricuspid valve = Controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle Aortic valve = Allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Provide quick energy Signup and view all the answers

Sporozoans reproduce solely through sexual reproduction.

False Signup and view all the answers

How do amoebas move?

They use pseudopods for locomotion. Signup and view all the answers

Lipids provide more ______ than carbohydrates.

energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following macromolecules to their main function:

Carbohydrates = Quick energy Lipids = Energy storage and insulation Proteins = Building and repairing tissues Nucleic Acids = Genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of slime moulds?

They function like amoebas. Signup and view all the answers

Minerals are organic substances that aid in tissue development and growth.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrolysis?

A chemical reaction where water breaks down macromolecules into smaller molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What sound is associated with the closing of the atrioventricular valves during systole?

Lubb Signup and view all the answers

The QRS complex in an ECG reading is caused by the atria contracting.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one common symptom of atherosclerosis.

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Hemophilia is primarily caused by a ______ disorder affecting clotting proteins.

genetic Signup and view all the answers

Match the disorder with its primary treatment:

Atherosclerosis = Angioplasty Leukemia = Chemotherapy Hemophilia = Clotting proteins injection Congenital Heart Defect = Surgery Signup and view all the answers

What part of the ECG represents the relaxation of the ventricles?

T-wave Signup and view all the answers

Congenital heart defects are always detectable at birth.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one known cause of leukemia?

Genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive consequence of artificial selection?

Introduction of new species quickly Signup and view all the answers

Norman Borlaug's creation of Dwarf Wheat significantly contributed to ending world hunger.

True Signup and view all the answers

Define speciation.

The formation of a new distinct species over the course of evolution. Signup and view all the answers

In speciation, populations are separated by a physical barrier.

allopatric Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of speciation with their definitions:

Allopatric = Speciation separated by physical barriers Sympatric = Speciation arising within the same population Adaptive Radiation = Rapid formation of multiple species from one ancestor Divergent Evolution = Changed species due to adaptation to different environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main result of mitosis?

Two identical daughter cells are produced Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes punctuated equilibrium?

Speciation occurs quickly without change, followed by periods of stability Signup and view all the answers

In convergent evolution, species with a common ancestor develop similar traits.

False Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over occurs during Meiosis II.

False Signup and view all the answers

List the three major steps in the process of speciation.

<ol> <li>Population is isolated; 2. Traits diverge; 3. Reproductive isolation occurs.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is synapsis?

The exchange of genetic material when homologous chromosomes line up. Signup and view all the answers

Fraternal twins arise from the fertilization of ______ mature eggs by different sperm cells.

two Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of twin with their description:

Identical twins = Result from one fertilized egg dividing Fraternal twins = Result from two fertilized eggs Monozygotic twins = Another term for identical twins Dizygotic twins = Another term for fraternal twins Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart Signup and view all the answers

Non-disjunction results in chromosomes being separated correctly during meiosis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Describe a possible consequence of non-disjunction.

It can lead to syndromes such as Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13). Signup and view all the answers

What discovery did Mary Anning make regarding ancient life?

First remains of a plesiosaur Signup and view all the answers

Lyell agreed with Cuvier's theory of catastrophism.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the four mechanisms for evolution?

Natural Selection, Genetic Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift Signup and view all the answers

Stabilizing selection favors _____ variation over extreme variation.

intermediate Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of natural selection with their descriptions:

Stabilizing Selection = Favors intermediate traits Directional Selection = Favors one extreme trait Disruptive Selection = Favors extreme traits over intermediate traits Sexual Selection = Favors traits that improve mating success Signup and view all the answers

What was Charles Darwin's key observation about finches?

Beak shape varies based on food availability Signup and view all the answers

Genetic drift can lead to changes in allele frequencies over time.

True Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of uniformitarianism.

The idea that Earth's changes occur slowly over time and can be observed in species populations. Signup and view all the answers

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?

Arteries have one-way valves to prevent backflow of blood.

What type of muscle makes up the heart, and what is its main characteristic?

Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the ________ veins.

Match the following parts of the heart with their functions:

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Sporozoans reproduce solely through sexual reproduction.

How do amoebas move?

Lipids provide more ______ than carbohydrates.

Match the following macromolecules to their main function:

Which of the following is a characteristic of slime moulds?

Minerals are organic substances that aid in tissue development and growth.

What is hydrolysis?

What sound is associated with the closing of the atrioventricular valves during systole?

The QRS complex in an ECG reading is caused by the atria contracting.

Name one common symptom of atherosclerosis.

Hemophilia is primarily caused by a ______ disorder affecting clotting proteins.

Match the disorder with its primary treatment:

What part of the ECG represents the relaxation of the ventricles?

Congenital heart defects are always detectable at birth.

What is one known cause of leukemia?

What is a positive consequence of artificial selection?

Norman Borlaug's creation of Dwarf Wheat significantly contributed to ending world hunger.

Define speciation.

In speciation, populations are separated by a physical barrier.

Match the types of speciation with their definitions:

What is the main result of mitosis?

Which statement best describes punctuated equilibrium?

In convergent evolution, species with a common ancestor develop similar traits.

Crossing over occurs during Meiosis II.

List the three major steps in the process of speciation.

What is synapsis?

Fraternal twins arise from the fertilization of ______ mature eggs by different sperm cells.

Match the type of twin with their description:

What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

Non-disjunction results in chromosomes being separated correctly during meiosis.

Describe a possible consequence of non-disjunction.

What discovery did Mary Anning make regarding ancient life?

Lyell agreed with Cuvier's theory of catastrophism.

What are the four mechanisms for evolution?

Stabilizing selection favors _____ variation over extreme variation.

Match the types of natural selection with their descriptions:

What was Charles Darwin's key observation about finches?

Genetic drift can lead to changes in allele frequencies over time.

Explain the concept of uniformitarianism.

Study Notes

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