General Psychology (Psyc 1011) Quiz

Psychology's Focus

• Psychology primarily focuses on understanding human behavior and mental processes.
• Goals of psychology include:
  • Describing behavior
  • Explaining behavior
  • Predicting behavior
  • Controlling behavior
• Not a goal of psychology: Changing the outcome of future research
• Structuralism is the early school of psychology focused on the structure of the mind.
• Modern Schools of Psychology include:
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
• Branches of Psychology: Social Psychology
• Historical Perspective Emphasizing Environment: Behaviorism
• Concepts Not Under Subfields of Psychology: Social Justice

Contributors and Perception

• *Content Revision: The content was revised and edited by a group of experts.
• Figure-Ground Perception allows individuals to distinguish an object from its background.
• Contours result from the perception of an edge between two areas of differing brightness, resulting in the ability to perceive shapes.
• Gestalt Psychology Emphasizes: The whole is more than the sum of its parts
• Figure-Ground Switch: When the background and object change roles
• No Perceived Contour: Brightness changes gradually, creating no distinct boundary
• Form Perception Requires: Integration of sensations
• Main Function of Contours: Separating objects from their backgrounds
• Factors Influencing Figure-Ground Perception:
  • Size
  • Surroundings
  • Brightness
  • NOT: Learning
• Characteristics Influencing Focus: Proximity
• Form Perception Involves: Organizing sensory information into meaningful patterns
• Depth perception primarily occurs: Using monocular and binocular cues
• Laws for Figure-Ground Organization:
  • Proximity
  • Closure
  • Similarity
  • NOT: Contrast
• Perceiver's Psychological States in Perception: Can influence how they interpret sensory information
• Causes of Perceptual Illusions: Misinterpretation of visual cues

Learning and Perception

• Monocular Cues for Depth Perception:
  • Interposition
  • Linear perspective
  • NOT: Stereopsis
• Learning: A relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience
• Perceiving Contours: Lateral inhibition in the visual system
• Grouping and Unified Forms: The brain organizes sensory information into meaningful patterns and groups
• Camouflage and Perception: Objects blend with their background, making them difficult to distinguish
• Gestalt Psychology Implies: The whole is more than the sum of its parts
• Chameleon Color Change: A perceptual adaptation to blend with the environment
• White Ink on White Paper: Difficulty in perceiving the writing, creating poor figure-ground separation
• Perceptual Organization Principle: Proximity, grouping items close together
• Gradual Brightness Change: No perceived contour due to the lack of a distinct boundary
• Learning Definition: A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
• Factors Affecting Learning:
  • Motivation
  • Attention
  • NOT: Perception
• Characteristic of Enduring Learning: Consistency over time
• Change in Behavior Not Attributed to Biological Factors: Learning
• Technique for Motivating and Reinforcing Behavior: Positive reinforcement
• Systematic Creation of Experiences in Learning: Essential for effective learning
• Understanding How Learning Works: As a process of change in behavior based on experience
• Misconception About Learning: Learning involves only conscious changes in behavior

Test your knowledge on General Psychology with this quiz based on the comprehensive textbook edited by Belay Tefera. Explore various fundamental topics like sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and behavioral scientific methods. Gauge your understanding of the historical context and major psychological perspectives covered in the book.