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Questions and Answers
What did John B. Watson identify as the primary focus of psychology?
What did John B. Watson identify as the primary focus of psychology?
Which concept explains that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated?
Which concept explains that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated?
Which experiment by Watson demonstrated classical conditioning in humans?
Which experiment by Watson demonstrated classical conditioning in humans?
What technique did B.F. Skinner develop to shape behavior?
What technique did B.F. Skinner develop to shape behavior?
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Which of the following best describes the method used in Watson's Little Albert Experiment?
Which of the following best describes the method used in Watson's Little Albert Experiment?
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What type of conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
What type of conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
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Which behavioral psychologist is known for his work with reinforcement and punishment?
Which behavioral psychologist is known for his work with reinforcement and punishment?
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What was the initial reaction of Little Albert to the white rat before conditioning?
What was the initial reaction of Little Albert to the white rat before conditioning?
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Which aspect of psychology did Freud emphasize in his theories?
Which aspect of psychology did Freud emphasize in his theories?
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What method did Freud use to surface unconscious thoughts?
What method did Freud use to surface unconscious thoughts?
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In behaviorism, what is the primary focus of study?
In behaviorism, what is the primary focus of study?
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What was the main finding of Watson's Little Albert Experiment?
What was the main finding of Watson's Little Albert Experiment?
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What concept did B.F. Skinner introduce to describe how behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments?
What concept did B.F. Skinner introduce to describe how behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments?
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What did Freud compare the mind to in order to explain consciousness and the unconscious?
What did Freud compare the mind to in order to explain consciousness and the unconscious?
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Which of the following methods is NOT associated with psychoanalysis?
Which of the following methods is NOT associated with psychoanalysis?
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What was the significant outcome of B.F. Skinner's research on behavior?
What was the significant outcome of B.F. Skinner's research on behavior?
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What is the primary concept demonstrated by classical conditioning in Watson's experiments?
What is the primary concept demonstrated by classical conditioning in Watson's experiments?
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What did Watson believe about the influence of the environment on behavior?
What did Watson believe about the influence of the environment on behavior?
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How does Watson's view differ from Freudian theory in terms of behavior?
How does Watson's view differ from Freudian theory in terms of behavior?
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In what domain did Watson apply classical conditioning principles to influence consumer behavior?
In what domain did Watson apply classical conditioning principles to influence consumer behavior?
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What significant outcome was demonstrated through Watson's experiment with Little Albert?
What significant outcome was demonstrated through Watson's experiment with Little Albert?
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Which aspect of behavior did Watson emphasize as pivotal compared to earlier psychological theories?
Which aspect of behavior did Watson emphasize as pivotal compared to earlier psychological theories?
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What was a key contribution of Watson's work to the field of psychology?
What was a key contribution of Watson's work to the field of psychology?
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How did Watson's experiments on human behavior challenge existing notions about emotions?
How did Watson's experiments on human behavior challenge existing notions about emotions?
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Study Notes
General Psychology Study Notes
- Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
- Psychology evolved from philosophical questions to a scientific discipline.
- Ancient Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, laid groundwork by developing ideas about nativism and empiricism, respectively.
- Plato believed some knowledge was innate, while Aristotle thought all knowledge comes from experience.
- René Descartes introduced dualism, proposing the mind and body as separate entities.
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879, marking psychology as a science.
- Wundt's method was introspection, where people described their own thoughts and sensations.
- Structuralism, a school of thought within psychology, aimed to analyze the basic elements of consciousness.
- Functionalism, another school of thought, focused on the purpose of mental processes.
- William James was a key figure in functionalism, asking questions about the purpose of the mind.
- Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of the unconscious mind, arguing that unconscious desires and feelings affect behavior.
- Behaviorism emerged in the early 20th century, focused on observable behavior and learning.
- Key figures in behaviorism included John B. Watson, who emphasized observable behavior, and B.F. Skinner, known for operant conditioning.
- Humanistic psychology emerged as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, focusing on the positive aspects of human nature and personal growth.
- Key figures in humanistic psychology include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
- The cognitive perspective emphasizes internal mental processes such as memory, language, and problem-solving.
- Cognitive psychology arose in the 1950s and 1960s as a reaction to behaviorism.
- Core concepts in cognitive psychology include perception, attention, memory, problem-solving, and language.
- Key figures in cognitive psychology include Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky.
- Modern psychology is a diverse field encompassing different perspectives and theoretical approaches, integrating aspects of biological, cognitive, emotional, and social processes.
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Description
Explore the foundations and evolution of psychology from philosophical roots to a scientific discipline. This quiz covers key concepts, notable figures, and schools of thought like structuralism and functionalism. Test your knowledge on the major developments that shaped psychology as we know it today.
