25 Questions
What is a characteristic of lipids?
Insoluble in water
What is true about lipids?
They are usually small molecules
What is different about lipids compared to polysaccharides and proteins?
They are not polymers
What is a property of lipids that distinguishes them from other biomolecules?
Their insolubility in water
What is NOT a characteristic of lipids?
Always polymers
What are fats and oils classified as?
Esters of fatty acids with glycerol
Which of the following is a characteristic of oils?
Liquid at room temperature
What is the main difference between fats and oils?
State at room temperature
Where are oils typically found?
In plants
What is true about the saturation of oils?
Oils tend to be unsaturated
What is the name of the phospholipid that contains glycerol as the alcohol?
Glycero-phospholipids
What is the alcohol component in Cephalin?
Glycerol
What is the name of the phospholipid that contains Sphingosine as the alcohol?
Sphingophospholipids
What is the component that is common to both Glycero-phospholipids and Sphingophospholipids?
Phosphate
What is the name of the specific phospholipid that contains Sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate, and choline?
Sphingomyelin
What is the primary function of VLDL?
To transport lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues
Where are the lipids transported to by VLDL?
From the liver to peripheral tissues
What type of lipids are mainly transported by VLDL?
Endogenously synthesized triglycerides
What is the source of the lipids transported by VLDL?
Endogenous synthesis in the liver
What is the name of the lipoprotein that transports dietary lipids?
Kilomicron
Which type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver?
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
What is the function of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the body?
Carry cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues
Which of the following lipoproteins is responsible for transporting excess cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion?
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
What is the direction of cholesterol transport by high-density lipoproteins (HDL)?
From peripheral tissues to the liver
What is the term for the 'good' cholesterol that carries cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver?
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Study Notes
General Properties of Lipids
- Lipids are not polymers, but rather small molecules.
- Lipids are insoluble in water.
Structure of Lipids
- Fats and oils are esters of fatty acids with glycerol.
- Oils are liquid and unsaturated, commonly found in plants.
- Fats are solid at room temperature.
Phospholipids
- Phospholipids contain glycerol as an alcohol, such as:
- Glycero-phospholipids (glycerol + phosphate + fatty acid + choline or ethanolamine)
- Examples: Cephalin (glycerol + unsaturated fatty acid + phosphate + ethanolamine) and Sphingophospholipids (Sphingosine + fatty acid + phosphate + choline)
Lipid Transport
- Chylomicrons transport dietary lipids (exogenous) from the small intestine to peripheral tissues.
- Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) transport lipids (endogenously synthesized) mainly triglycerides (TG) from the liver to peripheral tissues.
- High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) or "good" cholesterol, carry cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.
Explore the characteristics of lipids, including their insolubility in water, and contrast them with other biomolecules. Learn about the properties of lipids and their differences from other molecules.
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