General Pathology: Peritoneum Diseases

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Questions and Answers

What causes the bacterial clearance in the peritoneal cavity?

Neutrophil apoptosis in response to infection

Reticuloendothelial system activation

Respiratory movements creating subdiaphragmatic pressure (correct)

The action of mesothelial cells

Which of the following is NOT a type of peritonitis?

Tertiary peritonitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Primary peritonitis in children

Secondary gastric peritonitis (correct)

What is typically seen in the symptomatology of peritoneal diseases?

Pulmonary edema

Fever and muscular tenderness (correct)

Eruptive rash

Neutropenia

What is the role of eosinophils in the peritoneal cavity?

Assisting in the early stages of inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complementary study for diagnosing peritoneum diseases?

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signup and view all the answers

In mesenteric ischemia, which condition is characterized by occlusion of blood flow?

Acute thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is commonly measured when exploring a patient for peritoneal pathology?

Muscular tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical response time for the inflammatory response in the peritoneum?

Within 3-4 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which type of peritonitis is most likely to occur spontaneously without an obvious cause?

Primary peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cellular composition of resident non-mesothelial cells in the peritoneal cavity?

50% lymphocytes, 40% macrophages, 10% eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

In the diagnosis of peritoneal pathologies, which of the following tests is NOT typically performed?

Magnetic resonance imaging Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ischemia is characterized by arterial occlusion, often leading to severe intestinal compromise?

Acute mesenteric ischemia Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with peritoneal diseases?

Body chills Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical symptom indicating the possible presence of peritonitis?

Muscular tenderness Signup and view all the answers

During the inflammatory response in the peritoneum, how soon after the onset do neutrophils begin to phagocytize microorganisms?

3-4 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathways leads to non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Pathology: Diseases of the Peritoneum and Gastrointestinal Vascularization

This presentation covers diseases of the peritoneum and gastrointestinal vascularization.
Learning objectives include the clinical presentation of patients with these conditions, and the pathophysiology of peritonitis and intestinal ischemia.

Physiopathology of Peritonitis

Translinphatic absorption clears bacteria through respiratory movements, creating a subdiaphragmatic vacuum. This movement drives peritoneal fluid and absorbs up to 60% of the bacterial inoculum.
Neutrophils, the predominant cells in the peritoneal cavity, are responsible for phagocytosis.
Peritoneal cavity cells include 50% lymphocytes, 40% macrophages, and 10% eosinophils. This cell population develops an inflammatory response within 3-4 hours.
30% of microorganisms are phagocytosed.
Fibrotic compartmentalization often occurs locally.

Types of Bacterial Peritonitis

Primary peritonitis:
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- Peritoneal dialysis system infection
- Primary peritonitis in children
Secondary peritonitis:
- Local
- Disseminated
Tertiary peritonitis

Diagnosis of Peritonitis

Symptomatology: Pain, fever, nausea, intestinal arrest, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) symptoms.
Exploration: Muscular tenderness, and specific signs like Blumberg, Murphy, and Rovsing.
Complementary studies: Blood tests, cultures, and imaging studies.

Intestinal Vascular Disease

Acute ischemia:
- Occlusive: Arterial—emboli, thrombosis; Venous—thrombosis, strangulation.
- Non-occlusive: Arterial—vasoconstriction, Venous—vasoconstriction
Chronic ischemia: Atherosclerosis is the primary cause. Note: Additional causes are not mentioned.

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Description

This quiz explores diseases of the peritoneum and gastrointestinal vascularization, focusing on the clinical presentation and pathophysiology related to peritonitis and intestinal ischemia. Understand the inflammatory responses and the role of different immune cells in the peritoneal cavity as part of the pathology.