General Literary Criticism Overview
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Questions and Answers

Who are the raconteurs in cultural storytelling?

  • Professional storytellers who perform for money
  • Historians who document cultural narratives
  • Individuals of varying ages and genders who tell folktales (correct)
  • Only elderly men who narrate historical tales

What distinguishes the Kaagan and Sangil groups in their storytelling?

  • They have no influence from other cultural groups
  • They only tell stories of battles and conquests
  • Their stories focus solely on animal characters
  • They have developed unique literary terminology influenced by their contexts (correct)

What major theme is represented in the Story of Bantugan?

  • Adventure and exploration
  • Family, ambition, power, and humility (correct)
  • The importance of nature and wildlife
  • Mystical creatures and their habitats

What transformation occurs when the spinster strikes the sky with her pestle?

<p>The sky is lifted higher, resulting in the creation of the moon and stars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following locations is mentioned as an urban area in Region X?

<p>Cagayan de Oro City (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the spinster doing before she raised her pestle into the sky?

<p>Pounding rice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does Balatama face on his journey to propose to the Sultan's daughter?

<p>A powerful storm and magical storms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region is described as having broad interior plains and mountains?

<p>Region X (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of climate is described in the content?

<p>Cool, mild, and invigorating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the beads and the comb get to the sky?

<p>They were hung there by the spinster while she worked (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genre do the Yakan legends belong to?

<p>Narrative genre (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the Yakan call their legends?

<p>Usul (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is often used in Yakan ballads?

<p>Gabbang (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'baran' refer to in Tausug proverbs?

<p>Self (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect about Basilan?

<p>It was formed from multiple languages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of content do religious ballads primarily convey?

<p>Virtues of Islam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase indicates the Yakan's method of passing down their ballads?

<p>Oral tradition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'darangan' in the context of Kaagan ballads?

<p>Traditional ballad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is described as a kinder ruler and the protagonist in the narrative?

<p>Datu sa Pulu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the people of Kabalukan represent in the story?

<p>The oppressed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Salsilas or tarsilas' refer to?

<p>Family heirlooms tracking descent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which character is mentioned as leading the first group of Maguindanao to Labangan?

<p>Datu Guimba (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event prompted Melu to correct the noses of humans?

<p>A heavy rain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which place does Datu Guimba marry and adopt the title Datu sa Labangan?

<p>Labangan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic groups are identified as the earliest settlers according to the information?

<p>Malays and Indonesians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the province during Spanish rule?

<p>It was one of the richest provinces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is notable about the Bilaan tribe mentioned in the content?

<p>They have minimal influence from the Spaniards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the name 'Kapampangan'?

<p>From a tree species known as Asana. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is celebrated on December 11 in Pampanga?

<p>Pampanga Day. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Apalit known for?

<p>Weaving and metal industries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pampang' refer to in relation to Kapampangan culture?

<p>A river bank. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant cultural event that has been held annually in Pampanga since 1844?

<p>Colorful traditional fluvial parade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who declared Pampanga as the first province of the Philippines?

<p>Governor-General Miguel Lopez de Legaspi. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influence is suggested to be incorporated in the story of creation known among the Bilaan?

<p>Biblical accounts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balac traditionally characterized as?

<p>A poetic love joust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the American occupation, what was the balac renamed?

<p>Ismayling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment did the reinvented forms of balac express in certain areas of Samar?

<p>Anti-imperialist sentiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which authors were known for the finest Waray poems during the 1900s to 1950s period?

<p>Agustin El O’Mora and Pablo Rebadulla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did newspapers like Leyte News and The Leader play in the 1920s?

<p>Bringing increasing legitimization of English (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did modern East Visayan literature primarily revolve around?

<p>Poetry and drama (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the word 'Hadi-hadi' in Waray drama?

<p>It deals with Christian and Muslim kingdoms at war (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication was the first Waray newspaper?

<p>An Kaadlawon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of poetry written in the modern East Visayan context?

<p>Occasional, didactic, and traditional in form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the commissioned works in Waray drama aim to do?

<p>Entertain the constituents of the town (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of Waray poetry in local publications?

<p>Gradual displacement and eventual disappearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the writers and ilustrados involved in cultivating the Waray language?

<p>Iluminado Lucente and Casiano Trinchero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What agricultural crop is commonly grown in Eastern Visayas?

<p>Coconuts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Folktales

Stories passed down through generations, often reflecting cultural beliefs and values.

Raconteurs

Storytellers who preserve and share folktales within their communities.

Trickster Tales

Stories featuring cunning characters who use deception for entertainment and sometimes to teach a lesson.

Myths and Legends

Stories often rooted in religion and beliefs, often with a supernatural element.

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Cultural Elements

Features and practices that make a culture unique, often found in folktales.

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Region X

A geographical region in the Philippines located in Northern Mindanao, known for its diverse landscape and cultural influences.

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Lanao del Norte & Lanao del Sur

Two provinces located in the western part of Region X, known for their unique geographical features and cultural heritage.

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Bohol Sea

A body of water located to the north of Region X, playing a significant role in its geography and maritime history.

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Bukidnon

A province in Region X, known for its highlands, agricultural production, and diverse cultural heritage.

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The Story of Bantugan

A traditional epic tale from the Maranao people of Mindanao, Philippines, recounting the adventures of a brave prince and his quest for love.

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How the Moon and the Stars Came to Be

A mythical creation story explaining the origin of the celestial bodies, highlighting the power of nature and the symbolism of everyday objects.

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Migrants from Cebu and Iloilo

A significant population group in Region X, contributing to its diverse cultural tapestry.

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Climate in Region X

Characterized by rainfall, springs, high elevation, and cool, mild, and invigorating temperatures.

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Yakan Legends

Stories about people of Basilan, often revolving around the island's origin and its role in Tausug history.

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Usul

Yakan legends, similar to Tausug's stories about the origin of things.

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Masaalla or Dalil akkal

Tausug proverbs, conveying wisdom and advice in a concise way.

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Basilan

An island named after 'basi' (iron) and 'lan' (way or road) due to its iron road.

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Bahasa Sug

A language spoken in Basilan, derived from 'Yakal' - strong timber.

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Contemporary Ballads

Songs reflecting the stories of recent and famous Tausugs who made a mark in their history.

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Religious Ballads

Songs that highlight the virtues of Islam, encouraging and guiding listeners to follow the faith.

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Kissa

Ballads in the Tausug language, similar to Kaagan's 'Darangan' or 'bayok'.

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Ismayling

A modern name for the Balac poetic form, derived from the English word 'smile'.

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Waray Language

The native language spoken in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines.

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Illustrados

Filipino intellectuals and writers during the Spanish colonial period who advocated for social and political reform.

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Impetus

The driving force or motivation behind something.

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Modern East Visayan Literature (1900s-Present)

The contemporary literary tradition in the Eastern Visayas, mainly focusing on poetry and drama.

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An Kaadlawon

The first Waray newspaper, published in the early 1900s.

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Eco de Samar y Leyte

A long-running magazine published in Samar, featuring articles and literary works in Spanish, Waray, and English.

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An Tadtaran

The poetry section of the Eco de Samar y Leyte magazine, presenting satirical poems about social change.

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Hadi-hadi

A type of Waray drama that often features Christian and Muslim kingdoms at war.

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Hermano Mayor

The head of a religious brotherhood, often commissioning Hadi-hadi dramas for town festivals.

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Town Fiesta

A town festival held in honor of a Patron Saint, often featuring Hadi-hadi dramas.

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Didactic Poetry

Poetry that aims to teach or instruct the audience.

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Occasional Poetry

Poetry written for a specific event or occasion.

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Traditional Poetry

Poetry that follows established forms and structures, reflecting the cultural heritage of a region.

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Datu sa Pulu

A wise and just leader in Sulu who reigns over the Reina Regente, known for their fairness and reconciliation.

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People of Kabalukan

They represent the oppressed and seek relief from tyranny. Their suffering motivates the Datu sa Pulu to act.

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Salsilas or Tarsilas

Family heirlooms that trace a person's lineage, used to verify noble ancestry.

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Kabungsuan

The ancient ruling dynasty in the Philippines.

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Datu Guimba

A legendary figure who led the first Maguindanao settlers to Labangan, married a local princess, and founded a dynasty.

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Datu Buyan Makasosa Kanapia

An adventurer who arrived in Labangan, married a Maranao woman, and ruled alongside Datu Guimba.

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Rio Grande de la Pampanga

A major river in Luzon, Philippines which is believed to be named after a folktale.

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Earliest Settlers in the Philippines

The Malays and Indonesians are believed to be the first inhabitants of the Philippines, laying the foundation for the diverse cultures.

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Bilaan Tribe

An indigenous group in Mindanao, Philippines, known for their strong cultural identity and resistance to Spanish influence.

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Creation Story

A traditional tale explaining the origin of the world and life, often reflecting cultural beliefs and values.

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Pampanga Day

A celebration held annually on December 11th, commemorating the establishment of Pampanga as the first Spanish province in the Philippines.

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Kapampangan People

The indigenous people of Pampanga, Philippines, known for their distinct language, culture, and culinary traditions.

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Apalit

A municipality in Pampanga, Philippines, renowned for its weaving and metal industries.

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Panday Pira

A famous blacksmith who established a shop in Capalangan, Pampanga, contributing to the region's metal industries.

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Arayat

A municipality in Pampanga, Philippines, named after a mountain known for its spiritual significance.

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Angeles City

A chartered city in Pampanga, Philippines, known for its historical and cultural significance.

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Study Notes

General Literary Criticism

  • Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.
  • It examines the relationships between authors, readers, and texts.
  • It helps understand the connection between authors, readers, and texts.

Elements of Literary Criticism

  • Character: A person in a work of fiction. Includes their characteristics, individuality, and development.
  • Theme: The central idea or message of the work. Requires observing patterns, symbols, and details in the text.
  • Plot: The sequence of events in a story. Includes elements like exposition, complication, climax, and resolution.
  • Setting: The time and place in which a story takes place, including the conditions of the setting.
  • Conflict: The struggle or problem within a story. Common types include human versus human, human versus nature, human versus society, and human versus self.
  • Resolution: The outcome or solution to the conflict in a story.

Critical Approaches

  • Formalist Approach: Analyzes a text's form, structure, and literary elements to find its meaning. For instance, examining how literary devices are used in a work.
  • Historical Approach: Studies the cultural and historical context of a literary work. It explores how these contexts shape the meanings, themes, and elements of a story.
  • Moral Approach: Evaluates literature based on its moral lessons and ethical teachings. Considers if the work inspires goodness and ethical insight.
  • Feminist Approach: Examines women's representation, gender inequality, power structures, and societal expectations in literature.
  • Reader-Response Approach: Focuses on the reader's experience and interpretation of a text and their role in creating meaning.
  • Marxist Approach: Analyzes how economic and social inequalities, class struggles, and class conflicts affect the creation and delivery of literary texts.
  • Structuralism: Examines a text's underlying structures, patterns, and systems of meaning. For example, exploring how different elements relate in a work.
  • New Historicism: Analyzes a literary text within its historical and cultural context. Considers how social, political, and ideological forces shape the text,
  • Postcolonial Criticism: Analyzes literature through the lens of colonialism and its ongoing effects. Explores how colonization impacts culture, identity, and power dynamics.
  • Queer Criticism: Examines the representations of gender and sexuality within literary works, pushing against heteronormative assumptions.

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This quiz explores the fundamental elements of literary criticism, including character, theme, plot, setting, conflict, and resolution. Understanding these elements is crucial for evaluating and interpreting literature. Test your knowledge on the relationships between authors, readers, and texts.

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