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What initiated the formulation of the national standard on general irrigation terminologies?
Which law mandates the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards to develop standard specifications for machinery?
Which organization provided funding for the project concerning the national standard on irrigation terminologies?
What is the main goal of developing this national standard for irrigation terminologies?
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What process does the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards follow for standards development?
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What year was the ASAE S526.3 Soil and Water Terminology guideline published?
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Which authors contributed to the 1997 Technical Bulletin No. 1 regarding shallow tubewell irrigation?
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What is the main focus of the FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24 by Doorenbos and Pruitt?
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Which document outlines the procedures for the certification of safe wastewater reuse in irrigation?
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What type of irrigation is discussed in Booher's FAO Agricultural Development Paper 95 published in 1974?
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What is the primary function of a filter drain in dam construction?
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What does the term 'freeboard' refer to in the context of dam engineering?
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Which statement best describes furrow irrigation?
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What does 'hydraulic depth' measure in hydraulic engineering?
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What is the concept of hydraulic jump in fluid mechanics?
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What is 'leaching' in the context of soil and water management?
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Which of the following describes 'homogeneous embankment'?
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How is the concept of 'land soaking water requirement' defined?
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What does 'hydrologic frequency analysis' aim to determine?
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What is a lined channel primarily used for?
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Which organization is NOT associated with the Project Managers listed?
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Which individual is affiliated with the Central Luzon State University?
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What is the primary focus of the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center?
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Who among the following is a Project Manager?
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Which organization is primarily concerned with agricultural engineering?
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What does the term 'active storage' refer to in irrigation terminology?
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Which method of irrigation utilizes parallel border strips for water application?
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What does 'conveyance efficiency' measure in irrigation?
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What is 'crop water requirements' defined as?
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Which term describes the rise in flood levels due to obstructions like dams?
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What is the definition of 'effluent' in the context of irrigation?
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How is 'distribution uniformity' quantified?
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Which of the following terms refers to water that a crop actually uses?
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In irrigation, what does 'contamination' mean?
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What type of aquifer is confined by relatively impermeable layers?
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Which irrigation method involves dripping water at low rates close to the plant roots?
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What is defined as the maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and soil?
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What does 'crop coefficient' measure?
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What does the 'designed height' of an embankment refer to?
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Study Notes
General Irrigation Terminologies
- The Philippine National Standard PNS/BAFS/PAES 216:2017 focuses on irrigation terminology essential for classification, planning, design, construction, and operation.
- Initiated by AMTEC, this standard supports precision farming through improved nutrient and water use efficiencies.
- The development process is guided by the Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization Law (Republic Act 10601) and involves collaboration with the Department of Agriculture (DA) and other relevant bodies.
Key Definitions in Irrigation
- Access Areas: Publicly accessible spaces such as parks and golf courses.
- Active Storage: Water volume in a reservoir between minimum and normal water levels.
- Actual Crop Evapotranspiration: Actual water loss affected by soil water levels, salinity, and field size.
- Afflux Elevation: Increase in flood levels due to obstacles like dams.
- Algal Bloom: Excessive algae growth in water, potentially toxic to aquatic ecosystems.
Irrigation Efficiency and Water Management
- Application Efficiency: Ratio of infiltrated water in the root zone to water applied.
- Aquifer: Geological formation that contains water and can yield it economically via wells.
- Conveyance Efficiency: Ratio of water received at the inlet to that delivered at the project’s headworks.
- Effective Rainfall: Rainwater that contributes to crop growth, excluding losses from deep percolation and runoff.
- Crop Water Requirements: Total water consumption including evapotranspiration and losses.
Infrastructure and Techniques
- Basin Irrigation: Water applied to level fields enclosed by dikes, retaining water until it soaks into the soil.
- Drip Irrigation: Low-rate water application directly to plant roots to minimize waste.
- Diversion Dam: Structure built to augment irrigation by directing water from natural sources into canals.
- Lined Channel: Canals with impermeable surfaces to reduce seepage and stabilize the channel.
Key Metrics and Factors
- Crop Coefficient: Relationship between actual and potential crop evapotranspiration.
- Design Irrigable Area: Maximum area an irrigation project can optimally serve based on land and water availability.
- Distribution Uniformity: Measure of how evenly water is applied across agricultural systems.
- Freeboard: Extra height of a dam for safety against overtopping.
Soil and Water Interactions
- Hydraulic Radius: Cross-sectional flow area divided by wet perimeter, affecting flow efficiency.
- Leaching: Percolation of water beyond root zones aiding in salt and nutrient loss.
- Contamination: Presence of unwelcome substances in water, diminishing its usability.
Regulatory and Environmental Considerations
- Effluent Standard: Legal limits on the discharge of pollutants into water bodies.
- Hydrologic Frequency Analysis: Statistical estimation of event occurrences based on hydrologic data samples.
- Karst Topography: Landscape formation resulting from soluble rock dissolution, impacting water flow and storage.
Practical Applications
- Embankment Design: Requires consideration of materials, bearing capacities, and settlement for stability.
- Irrigation Period: Time taken to effectively cover an area with water, critical for scheduling.
- Farm Water Requirement: Calculated need for irrigation accounting for effective rainfall and crop needs.
Professionals Involved
- The document highlights the contributions of various agricultural engineering professionals and institutions, underscoring a collaborative approach to standard-setting in irrigation practices.
These points encapsulate the core contents and essential definitions related to irrigation within the Philippine National Standard for effective study and reference.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Philippine National Standard for irrigation terminologies as outlined in PNS/BAFS/PAES 216:2017. This quiz covers essential terms and concepts related to agriculture and fisheries standards. Ideal for students and professionals in agricultural science.
