Irrigation Terminologies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a diversion dam?

  • To block the flow of water completely
  • To raise the water level in a river (correct)
  • To create a waterfall in the river
  • To lower the water level in a river

    • In drip irrigation, how is water applied to the soil?

  • By dripping water onto the soil at low rates (correct)
  • By sprinkling water from above
  • By flooding the entire field
  • By using large canals for water supply

    • What does effective rainfall refer to?

  • Total rainfall in a region
  • Rainwater used by the crop for growth excluding deep percolation and runoff (correct)
  • All water that falls on the field, including runoff
  • Rainwater that never reaches the ground

    • What does effective rooting depth refer to?

    <p>The depth of soil from which roots extract most of the water needed for evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is effluent?

    <p>Discharges from known sources into bodies of water or land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a drop refer to in an in-line canal structure?

    <p>A decrease in elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is karst topography primarily shaped by?

    <p>Erosion of soluble bedrock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'loading limit' refer to in the context of wastewater treatment?

    <p>Allowable amount of pollutants discharged per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does leaching in irrigation refer to?

    <p>Percolation of water beyond the plant's root zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a lined channel typically made of for irrigation purposes?

    <p>Impermeable material like concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lowland rice production, what does 'land soaking water requirement' depend on?

    <p>Initial soil moisture and soil physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lateral spacing refer to in irrigation?

    <p>Spacing between irrigation laterals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the volume of water stored in a reservoir between the minimum water level and normal water level?

    <p>Active Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the rise in maximum flood level due to an obstruction to the flow, such as a dam, being introduced?

    <p>Afflux Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'aquifer' refer to?

    <p>Geologic formation that contains and transmits water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In irrigation, what does 'application efficiency' represent?

    <p>Average depth of irrigation water infiltrated and stored in the root zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe overgrowths of algae in water producing dangerous toxins?

    <p>Algal Bloom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'actual crop evapotranspiration'?

    <p>Rate of evapotranspiration equal to predicted crop evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'normal depth' refer to in an open channel flow?

    <p>The constant flow depth along a longitudinal section of a channel under uniform flow condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'outside slope' as per the provided text?

    <p>The slope at the downstream face of the embankment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of open channel flow, what is 'normal storage elevation'?

    <p>The maximum elevation the water surface can attain without flow in the spillway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'optimal emitter spacing' defined in irrigation practices?

    <p>Drip emitter spacing that is 80% of the wetted diameter estimated from field tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to 'water flow that is conveyed in such a manner that top surface is exposed to the atmosphere'?

    <p>Open channel flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pan evaporation' refer to in hydrology?

    <p>Rate of water loss by evaporation from an open water surface of a pan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a unimodal rainfall pattern?

    <p>Total annual rainfall above 1500 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upstream face of an embankment?

    <p>The side wetted by the impounded water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered waste according to the text?

    <p>Any material devoid of usage and discarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does water balance account for?

    <p>Both water inflows and outflows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a well log used for?

    <p>Showing aquifer physical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a well-protected reservoir?

    <p>Shielded by high mountain barriers in the upper reach of the basin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Open Channel Flow and Water Terminologies

    • Normal depth: constant flow depth along a longitudinal section of a channel under uniform flow conditions
    • Normal storage elevation: maximum elevation of the water surface that can be attained by the dam or reservoir without flow in the spillway

    Irrigation Terminologies

    • Access areas: areas open for public entry such as golf courses, public and private parks, playgrounds, schoolyards, and residential landscapes
    • Active storage: volume of water stored in a reservoir between the minimum water level and normal water level
    • Actual crop evapotranspiration: rate of evapotranspiration equal to or smaller than predicted crop evapotranspiration
    • Afflux elevation: rise in maximum flood level from the original unobstructed flood level after an obstruction to the flow has been introduced
    • Algal bloom: overgrowths of algae in water producing dangerous toxins in fresh or marine water
    • Application efficiency: ratio of the average depth of irrigation water infiltrated and stored in the root zone to the average depth of irrigation water applied
    • Aquifer: geologic formation which contains water and transmits it at a rate sufficient to be economically developed for pumping artificially developed well

    Canal and Reservoir Terminologies

    • Diversion dam: structure or weir provided across the river or creek to raise its water level and divert the water into the main canal to facilitate irrigation by gravity
    • Diversion water requirement: total quantity of water diverted from a stream, lake, or reservoir to irrigate a crop
    • Drop: in-line canal structure designed to convey canal water from a higher level to a lower level, duly dissipating the excess energy resulting from the drop in elevation
    • Effective rainfall: amount of rainwater that falls directly on the field and is used by the crop for growth and development

    Soil and Water Terminologies

    • Effective rooting depth: soil depth from which the bulk of the roots of the crop extracts most of the water needed for evapotranspiration
    • Effective size: particle diameter corresponding to a 10% sieve passing
    • Effluent: discharges from known sources which is passed into a body of water or land, or wastewater flowing out of a manufacturing plant
    • Karst topography: geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite

    Land and Water Management Terminologies

    • Land preparation water requirement: amount of water required in lowland rice production which includes water losses through evaporation, seepage, and percolation
    • Land soaking water requirement: amount of water required in lowland rice production which is a function of the initial soil moisture and the physical properties of the soil
    • Lateral spacing: spacing between irrigation laterals
    • Leaching: deep percolation of water beyond the root zone of plants, resulting in loss of salts or nutrients

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on irrigation terminologies including concepts like steady uniform flow, varied/non-uniform flow, active storage in reservoirs, and access areas open for public entry.

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