Chapter 4

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, and Joseph Lister?

Pasteur built on Jenner's work to develop pasteurization, and Lister built on Pasteur's work to develop antiseptic surgery. (correct)
Jenner built on Lister's work to develop the smallpox vaccine, and Pasteur built on Jenner's work to develop pasteurization.
Jenner built on Pasteur's work to develop the smallpox vaccine, and Lister built on Jenner's work to develop antiseptic surgery.
Lister built on Jenner's work to develop pasteurization, and Pasteur built on Lister's work to develop antiseptic surgery.

What are germs?

Chemicals released by the body to fight infection.
Microscopic organisms that cause disease. (correct)
Viruses that infect bacteria.
Small particles found in the air that cause allergies.

How do vaccines work?

They strengthen the body's natural defenses against all types of germs.
They introduce dead or weakened versions of a germ into the body to stimulate an immune response. (correct)
They prevent the germ from entering the body.
They directly kill the germ that causes the disease.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an environmental factor that can affect health?

Inherited genes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a system interacting with another system?

The nervous system receives stimuli, and the skeletal system provides structure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a lifestyle choice that can negatively impact health?

Excessive alcohol consumption (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of the nervous system in maintaining a healthy body?

Monitoring and coordinating activities of other organ systems. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cilia in the lungs?

To help move mucus out of the lungs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of tar on the lungs?

Tar destroys the cilia, making it harder to clear mucus from the lungs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sensory nerves in the nervous system?

Receiving stimuli from the environment and transmitting them to the brain. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus that the nervous system responds to?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between inherited and environmental factors that affect health?

Inherited factors are passed down through genes, while environmental factors are external influences. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do advancements in scientific research contribute to improved health outcomes?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for people to interpret and adapt new scientific findings?

To ensure that scientific knowledge continues to evolve and improve. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the scientific process?

Based solely on personal opinions and beliefs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the body maintain a stable internal environment, despite external changes?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major health risk associated with smoking, as mentioned in the text?

Lung Cancer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can negatively affect the circulatory system?

Regular exercise (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by plaque buildup inside arteries?

Atherosclerosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that moves food through the digestive system?

Peristalsis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended tip for maintaining a healthy circulatory system?

Limit your intake of fruits and vegetables (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nicotine in smoking?

It is a highly addictive drug (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a serious lung disease that damages the alveoli, directly impacting gas exchange?

Emphysema (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the respiratory system?

Exercise (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?

To allow for gas exchange between the air and the blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue found in the body?

Respiratory tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a digestive problem that can be caused by bacteria?

Stomach ulcers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peristalsis in the digestive system?

To move food through the digestive tract (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the arteries in the circulatory system?

To carry blood away from the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of nicotine on cells?

Nicotine damages cells and increases the risk of cancer. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason to use the fine adjustment knob when focusing on a specimen under high power?

To prevent damage to the microscope slide or objective lens. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for preparing a water sample before viewing it under a microscope?

To remove any debris or impurities that might obscure the view. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have them. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a substance that can damage or kill cells?

Poisons. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using the coarse adjustment knob under high power?

Damage to the microscope or the specimen. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can technology be used to improve human health?

Technology can be used to develop new vaccines and treatments for diseases. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in biological processes?

Producing energy for cell functions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a cell organelle and an organ system?

Cell organelles are smaller and simpler than organ systems. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does salting food act as a preservative?

Salt draws water out of food, making it difficult for bacteria to survive. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of white blood cells in the body?

Fighting off infections by destroying bacteria and viruses. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is a cold typically transmitted from one person to another?

By inhaling airborne droplets containing the virus. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of eating a healthy diet?

It provides the body with essential nutrients for optimal functioning. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between cell organelles and organ systems?

Both are found in all living organisms. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body?

Nerve cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tissues

Groups of similar cells performing similar functions.

Organs

Structures made of different tissues working together.