General Information Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What concept explains how previous policy decisions influence present and future healthcare reforms?

Incremental change

Path dependency (correct)

Accountable governance

System integration

The COVID-19 pandemic did not influence primary health care delivery in Canada.

False

Name one challenge posed by the rapid expansion of virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Complicated traditional in-person interactions

Path dependency makes radical healthcare reforms _______ due to political and financial costs.

difficult Signup and view all the answers

What has been favored in Canada regarding healthcare reforms due to institutional barriers?

Incremental small changes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of health care with their descriptions:

EHRs = Electronic health records facilitating data management Team-based care = Collaborative approach to improve patient outcomes Integrated approaches = Holistic methods combining various health services Incremental changes = Gradual reforms rather than radical shifts Signup and view all the answers

Professional and political ideologies tend to promote radical change in healthcare.

False Signup and view all the answers

How has the perception of health professionals shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Towards integrated and digital approaches to care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of the TAPIC framework?

Sustainability Signup and view all the answers

Vertical equity means treating individuals with similar needs in the same manner.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bismarck model primarily based on?

Social Health Insurance Model Signup and view all the answers

In the TAPIC framework, one of the characteristics is __________, which involves holding parties responsible and monitoring their performance.

Accountability Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key features with their related concepts:

Horizontal equity = Treating people with the same needs the same Vertical equity = Treating people with different needs differently Progressive financing = Higher income individuals pay a larger percentage Bismarck model = Social Health Insurance Model Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary funding mechanism in the Bismarck model?

Employee and employer premiums Signup and view all the answers

Participation in the TAPIC framework refers to the need for stakeholders to be meaningfully engaged.

True Signup and view all the answers

Explain how progressive financing contributes to economic inequality in healthcare systems.

It requires higher income individuals to pay a larger percentage of their income, which lessens financial inequities. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of health expenditures grew faster than others from the mid 1990s to the 2010s?

Drug costs Signup and view all the answers

Health care spending in Canada has steadily increased as a percentage of GDP since the post-war era.

True Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aging have on health care spending in Canada?

Aging increases spending per individual, especially from ages 60-80, although the overall impact is small. Signup and view all the answers

Spending on long term care has been growing since the _____.

1970s Signup and view all the answers

Between which years was inflation-adjusted per capita healthcare spending notably increasing?

1997 to 2010 Signup and view all the answers

The general inflation rate has had a larger impact on health care costs than population growth.

False Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the phenomenon of decreasing costs of dying due to longer life expectancy?

Compression of morbidity Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of health expenditures with their definitions:

Hospital costs = Inpatient and outpatient care, emergency services, and specialized treatments Drug costs = Prescription medications, vaccines, and medical supplies Long term care = Services in nursing homes and residential care facilities Physician services = Consultations, surgeries, and specialized treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge posed by private financing in public health care systems?

Erosion of universal coverage Signup and view all the answers

The 1995 Chaoulli decision allowed patients to purchase private insurance for services not covered by the Canada Health Act.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the 2021 Cambie decision?

The right of providers to bill both the government and patients. Signup and view all the answers

Private financing in health care systems leads to __________ access to essential medical services.

unequal Signup and view all the answers

Match the roles of private financing with their definitions:

Complementary = Covers gaps like co-payments Substitutive = Replaces public coverage for specific patients Supplementary = Provides faster services with priority access Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court rule in the 1995 Chaoulli decision regarding the Quebec charter?

Violating the Quebec charter Signup and view all the answers

What is a major feature of a universal pharmacare system?

Universal access to necessary medications Signup and view all the answers

The Cambie decision allowed the purchasing of private insurance to solve wait times for all patients.

False Signup and view all the answers

Canada has universal drug coverage for all of its citizens.

False Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant barrier to accessing medications for Canadians?

Out of pocket costs Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that private financing can exacerbate financial inequalities in health care?

Through out-of-pocket costs. Signup and view all the answers

John Stuart Mill’s harm principle states that governments should only intervene in people's freedoms to prevent _____ to others.

harm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the current Canadian pharmacare system?

It consists of 100+ provincial programs targeting specific demographics. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why universal pharmacare is considered cost-effective?

Centralized purchasing for price negotiation Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with their correct descriptions:

Vertical equity = Ensuring equal access regardless of social status Horizontal equity = Providing equal access for those in the same situation Out of pocket costs = Direct payments made by individuals for medications National drug formulary = A list of approved medications based on evidence Signup and view all the answers

Canadians have had access to universal pharmacare since the 1990s.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary concerns of healthcare financing?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Private delivery of healthcare is primarily accountable to public officials.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of healthcare financing mechanisms on health system equity?

They influence the distribution of resources and financial burdens within the system. Signup and view all the answers

Public delivery of healthcare is characterized by __________ ownership.

state Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of financing mechanisms with their descriptions:

Progressive financing = Higher contributions from wealthier individuals or groups Regressive financing = Lower contributions from wealthier individuals while poorer pay a higher percentage Neutral financing = Equal financial contributions regardless of income Centralized financing = Funds managed by a single entity for distribution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes private healthcare delivery?

For-profit entities Signup and view all the answers

Governance in health systems only influences the financial aspects of healthcare delivery.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the TAPIC model in health system governance?

A framework that addresses Transparency, Accountability, Participation, Integrity, and Cooperation. Signup and view all the answers

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General Information Quiz

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

What concept explains how previous policy decisions influence present and future healthcare reforms?

The COVID-19 pandemic did not influence primary health care delivery in Canada.

Name one challenge posed by the rapid expansion of virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Path dependency makes radical healthcare reforms _______ due to political and financial costs.

What has been favored in Canada regarding healthcare reforms due to institutional barriers?

Match the following aspects of health care with their descriptions:

Professional and political ideologies tend to promote radical change in healthcare.

How has the perception of health professionals shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of the TAPIC framework?

Vertical equity means treating individuals with similar needs in the same manner.

What is the Bismarck model primarily based on?

In the TAPIC framework, one of the characteristics is __________, which involves holding parties responsible and monitoring their performance.

Match the following key features with their related concepts:

What is the primary funding mechanism in the Bismarck model?

Participation in the TAPIC framework refers to the need for stakeholders to be meaningfully engaged.

Explain how progressive financing contributes to economic inequality in healthcare systems.

Which component of health expenditures grew faster than others from the mid 1990s to the 2010s?

Health care spending in Canada has steadily increased as a percentage of GDP since the post-war era.

What effect does aging have on health care spending in Canada?

Spending on long term care has been growing since the _____.

Between which years was inflation-adjusted per capita healthcare spending notably increasing?

The general inflation rate has had a larger impact on health care costs than population growth.

What term describes the phenomenon of decreasing costs of dying due to longer life expectancy?

Match the types of health expenditures with their definitions:

What is a challenge posed by private financing in public health care systems?

The 1995 Chaoulli decision allowed patients to purchase private insurance for services not covered by the Canada Health Act.

What was the primary focus of the 2021 Cambie decision?

Private financing in health care systems leads to __________ access to essential medical services.

Match the roles of private financing with their definitions:

How did the Supreme Court rule in the 1995 Chaoulli decision regarding the Quebec charter?

What is a major feature of a universal pharmacare system?

The Cambie decision allowed the purchasing of private insurance to solve wait times for all patients.

Canada has universal drug coverage for all of its citizens.

What has been a significant barrier to accessing medications for Canadians?

What is one way that private financing can exacerbate financial inequalities in health care?

John Stuart Mill’s harm principle states that governments should only intervene in people's freedoms to prevent _____ to others.

Which of the following best describes the current Canadian pharmacare system?

What is one reason why universal pharmacare is considered cost-effective?

Match the concepts with their correct descriptions:

Canadians have had access to universal pharmacare since the 1990s.

What are the primary concerns of healthcare financing?

Private delivery of healthcare is primarily accountable to public officials.

What is the impact of healthcare financing mechanisms on health system equity?

Public delivery of healthcare is characterized by __________ ownership.

Match the types of financing mechanisms with their descriptions:

Which of the following describes private healthcare delivery?

Governance in health systems only influences the financial aspects of healthcare delivery.

What is the TAPIC model in health system governance?

Study Notes

Summary of General Information

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