General Information Quiz

The process of collecting, pooling, and allocating funds to pay for healthcare services. It involves determining who pays for healthcare, how much they pay, and who receives the funds.

The specific methods used to collect and distribute healthcare funds. Examples include progressive, regressive, or neutral financing, as well as centralized or fragmented financing.

Healthcare services provided by state-owned hospitals or government-funded institutions. Accountability is directed towards the public or elected officials.

Healthcare services provided by privately owned businesses or organizations, including for-profit entities. Providers are accountable to their owners and shareholders, focusing on profitability and organizational goals.

The decision-making process and institutional structure that regulate healthcare activities. It involves managing relationships between financing agencies, beneficiaries, and service providers.

A framework for health system governance that emphasizes the roles of Transparency, Accountability, Participation, Inclusiveness, and Collaboration.

Ensuring that everyone has access to quality healthcare services, regardless of their income, location, or social status.

Ensuring that healthcare services are distributed fairly, taking into account the needs of different populations.

The idea that past policy decisions significantly influence future policy choices, making radical change difficult. Basically, the choices we made yesterday limit the options we have today.

Path dependency in healthcare means that past decisions about how healthcare is structured and delivered (like focusing on physician-led care) make it hard to change the system radically. It's easier to make small, incremental changes.

Small, gradual changes made to a system over time, rather than a complete overhaul.

A complete and sudden transformation of a system, usually requiring significant effort and risk.

The way a country pays for healthcare. This includes taxes, premiums, out-of-pocket costs, and other sources of funds.

How healthcare funding affects access to care for different groups of people. Unequal funding can lead to disparities in health outcomes.

How effectively healthcare funds are used to provide quality care and achieve health goals. Inefficient systems waste money and resources.

The impact of funding on the quality of healthcare provided. Adequate funding is essential for high-quality care.

These categories include hospital costs, drug costs, long-term care spending, and physician payment services.

Total health care spending has consistently increased, particularly after the mid-1990s, considering population growth and general inflation.

Comparing adjusted expenditures shows the per capita change, while spending as a percentage of GDP reflects the proportion of the economy dedicated to healthcare.

Hospitals saw a contraction in the 1990s, rapid growth in the 2000s, and have remained flat since. Pharmaceuticals grew rapidly from the mid-1990s until the 2010s but have stabilized. Long-term care has been growing gradually since the 1970s. Physician spending was flat in the early 1990s, grew significantly until 2015, and has been flat since.

While aging has a small impact on overall spending, it increases per individual as they approach the end of life stages, requiring more care and services.

This refers to the decreasing duration of illness and disability in the later stages of life, which can help reduce overall healthcare costs.

To better understand the impact of healthcare spending, we should look at the average volume of services used and their average costs, rather than just focusing on the overall impact of aging.

The cost of dying is decreasing as people live longer, leading to a compression of morbidity and potentially lower overall healthcare costs.

A set of principles for good governance in healthcare, focusing on transparency, accountability, participation, integrity, and capacity, promoting access to affordable, appropriate, and accountable care.

Open communication about healthcare processes and information sharing in a timely manner.

Being held responsible for healthcare performance with mechanisms to monitor results.

Meaningful engagement of stakeholders in shaping healthcare policies and practices.

Operating honestly and fairly in healthcare, with ethical conduct and values.

Having the necessary resources (financial, personnel, infrastructure) to deliver effective healthcare.

The principle that people with the same needs should be treated equally in healthcare financing.

The principle that people with different needs should be treated differently in healthcare financing, prioritizing those with greater needs.

Ensuring healthcare's accessibility by addressing financial disparities. This means distributing resources fairly, considering both vertical (based on income) and horizontal (based on needs) equity, and adopting financing models that minimize financial inequities and maximize affordability.

Issues within Canada's current system where medication affordability often restricts access. This includes a significant portion of the population lacking drug coverage, causing people to skip medication due to out-of-pocket costs.

A healthcare model where everyone has access to necessary medications. This includes comprehensive public coverage integrated into the healthcare system, with minimal or no out-of-pocket costs.

Universal pharmacare systems, like those in the UK and Sweden, offer universal access, centralized purchasing, and a national drug formulary. This ensures medications are based on proven safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness.

John Stuart Mill's principle suggests that governments should only intervene in healthcare when it prevents harm to others, ensuring individual liberty and freedom of choice.

Universal pharmacare, besides being equitable, can be more cost-effective than fragmented systems. This is due to centralized purchasing power leading to price negotiation and optimized drug usage.

A list of approved medications based on scientific evidence of safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness. This helps ensure the best and most cost-effective drugs are available to everyone.

The freedom from interference by others, even if it means potentially harming oneself or others.

The freedom to act and pursue one's goals, requiring government intervention to ensure equal opportunity and access to resources.

Healthcare expenses paid directly by patients, often exceeding their financial capacity, and can exacerbate existing inequalities.

Funding healthcare through private sources, such as insurance companies or individual payments.

Private financing that fills gaps in public healthcare coverage, like co-pays without directly raising provider fees.

Private financing that replaces public coverage for specific individuals who are ineligible or choose not to participate in public insurance.

Private financing that offers faster or better healthcare services, giving paying individuals priority access.

A landmark case in Quebec that ruled against the ban on private healthcare insurance, acknowledging the right to purchase private insurance for services already covered under the Canada Health Act, but limited to Quebec's Charter of Rights.