General IMED Hematology: Bleeding Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which factor causes vasoconstriction in the sequence of haemostasis?

  • Von Willebrand factor
  • Thromboxane A2 (correct)
  • Serotonin
  • Fibrin

Which pathway leads to the formation of insoluble and permanent fibrin in haemostasis?

  • Platelet plug pathway
  • Extrinsic pathway
  • Vasoconstriction pathway
  • Intrinsic pathway (correct)

What leads to the formation of a permanent platelet plug in haemostasis?

  • Myogenic contraction of blood vessels
  • Exposure of collagen in vascular injury (correct)
  • Nerve reflex
  • Release of serotonin

What is needed for the repair of the damaged blood vessel in haemostasis?

<p>Coagulation factors, platelets, vascular endothelium, and blood vessel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism prevents hypercoagulability state by increasing fluidity?

<p>Protein C &amp; S (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is present in the plasma except factor III?

<p>Thromboplastin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for platelet count?

<p>150,000 - 400,000/mm3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What platelet count range is associated with clinical petechiae?

<p>&lt; 50,000-20,000 mm3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a prolonged bleeding time mainly indicate?

<p>Inadequate platelet function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with thrombasthenia?

<p>Von Willebrand's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) test measure?

<p>Intrinsic pathway sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) indicate?

<p>Vitamin K deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for the Whole Blood Clotting Time test?

<p>5-10 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 1 indicate?

<p>&lt; 1 Prothrombin Time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of haemostasis?

<p>Prevention of blood loss when a blood vessel is injured (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence of events occurs first in the process of haemostasis?

<p>Vasoconstriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the formation of a permanent platelet plug in haemostasis?

<p>Release of Von Willebrand factor causing platelet adhesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protein C & S and thrombin III in haemostasis?

<p>Prevent hypercoagulability state by increasing fluidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT needed for the repair of the damaged blood vessel in haemostasis?

<p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes any bleeding disorder according to the provided text?

<p>Defect in coagulation factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT present in the plasma?

<p>Thromboplastin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of a platelet count less than 10,000-20,000 mm3?

<p>ICU admission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a prolonged Bleeding Time?

<p>Reduced platelet function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is the platelet count normal but its function unwell?

<p>Uraemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor deficiency can lead to a prolonged Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)?

<p>Factor X (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) indicate?

<p>Vitamin K deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test measures the efficiency of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?

<p>Prothrombin Time (PT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is the Platelet Count range considered adequate for hemostasis?

<p>$80,000-100,000 mm^3$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor responsible for the formation of a permanent platelet plug in haemostasis?

<p>Platelet Aggregation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a prolonged Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicate?

<p>Factor VIII Deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What factor causes vasoconstriction in hemostasis?

Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor produced by platelets during hemostasis, helping to reduce blood flow to the injured area.

Which pathway leads to permanent fibrin in hemostasis?

The intrinsic pathway, activated by contact with exposed collagen, leads to the formation of thrombin, which converts fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, creating a stable clot.

What causes a permanent platelet plug in hemostasis?

Exposure of collagen beneath the damaged endothelium triggers platelet adhesion and activation, leading to the formation of a stable platelet plug, essential for hemostasis.

What is needed to repair a damaged blood vessel in hemostasis?

Coagulation factors, platelets, vascular endothelium, and the blood vessel itself are all essential for the repair of a damaged blood vessel in hemostasis.

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How do Protein C & S prevent hypercoagulability?

Protein C and S act as anticoagulants, inhibiting the coagulation process and decreasing the risk of thrombosis by promoting the breakdown of activated clotting factors.

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What is the only clotting factor NOT in the plasma?

Thromboplastin (Factor III) is a tissue factor found in the outer membrane of damaged cells, while other coagulation factors are present in the plasma.

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What is the normal platelet count range?

The normal range for platelet count is 150,000 to 400,000 per cubic millimeter of blood.

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What platelet count leads to petechiae?

A platelet count below 50,000 to 20,000 per mm3 is associated with clinical petechiae, tiny red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding.

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What does a prolonged bleeding time indicate?

Prolonged bleeding time indicates inadequate platelet function, making it difficult to form a stable platelet plug and stop bleeding.

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What condition is associated with thrombasthenia?

Thrombasthenia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by impaired platelet aggregation and adhesion, often associated with Von Willebrand Disease.

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What does the PTT test measure?

The Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) test measures the time it takes for blood plasma to clot after adding reagents that activate the intrinsic pathway.

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What does a prolonged PT indicate?

A prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) indicates a deficiency in Vitamin K, which is essential for the synthesis of several clotting factors.

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What is the normal range for Whole Blood Clotting Time?

The normal range for the Whole Blood Clotting Time test is 5 to 10 minutes, indicating normal coagulation.

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What does an INR of 1 indicate?

An International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 1 indicates normal Prothrombin Time and therefore normal clotting ability.

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What is the primary function of hemostasis?

The primary function of hemostasis is to prevent blood loss when a blood vessel is injured, maintaining circulation and preventing hemorrhage.

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What happens first in hemostasis?

Vasoconstriction is the first step in the process of hemostasis, where the blood vessel constricts to reduce blood flow to the injury site.

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What causes the formation of a platelet plug?

Release of Von Willebrand factor from the injured endothelium helps platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall, initiating the formation of a stable platelet plug.

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What is the role of Protein C & S and thrombin III?

Protein C & S and thrombin III act as anticoagulants, controlling the coagulation cascade and preventing excessive clotting, ensuring blood fluidity.

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What is NOT needed for vessel repair in hemostasis?

Hemoglobin, a component of red blood cells, is not directly involved in the repair of a damaged blood vessel, which is primarily handled by clotting factors and platelets.

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What characterizes any bleeding disorder?

Any bleeding disorder is characterized by a defect in coagulation factors, impairing the formation of a stable clot and leading to excessive bleeding.

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What factor is NOT present in the plasma?

Thromboplastin (Factor III) is found in damaged tissues, not in the plasma, and is crucial for initiating the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.

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What is the consequence of a very low platelet count?

A platelet count less than 10,000 to 20,000 per mm3 can lead to severe bleeding, potentially requiring critical care in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

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What is the effect of a prolonged Bleeding Time?

A prolonged Bleeding Time indicates reduced platelet function, causing difficulty in forming a stable platelet plug and leading to excessive bleeding.

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In which condition is platelet count normal, but function unwell?

In uraemia, platelet count may be normal, but platelet function can be impaired, leading to a prolonged Bleeding Time and bleeding problems.

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Which factor deficiency prolongs the PTT?

Factor X deficiency can lead to a prolonged Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), indicating a defect in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

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What does a prolonged PT indicate?

A prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) indicates a deficiency in Vitamin K, which is essential for the synthesis of several clotting factors involved in the extrinsic pathway.

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Which test measures the extrinsic pathway efficiency?

The Prothrombin Time (PT) test measures the efficiency of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, which is initiated by tissue factor (thromboplastin).

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What is the adequate platelet count range for hemostasis?

A platelet count range of 80,000 to 100,000 per mm3 is considered adequate for hemostasis, ensuring sufficient platelets to form a stable clot and prevent bleeding.

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What is the main factor for a permanent platelet plug?

Platelet aggregation, the process of platelets sticking together, is crucial for the formation of a stable platelet plug, essential for hemostasis.

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What does a prolonged PTT indicate?

A prolonged Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicates a deficiency in Factor VIII, a clotting factor involved in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

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