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Questions and Answers
What is the H+ donor in an acid-base reaction?
What type of reaction involves the addition of water to a compound?
What is the result of oxidation in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
What type of reaction involves the formation of an insoluble solid?
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What is the result of reduction in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
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What type of reaction involves the formation of a coordination compound?
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What is the general equation for an acid-base reaction?
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What is the role of CuSO4 in the reaction Cu + CuSO4 → Cu2+ + Cu?
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What type of reaction involves the exchange of partners between two compounds?
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What is the formula for the hydrated compound formed from CuSO4 and water?
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Study Notes
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Acid-Base Reactions
- Involve transfer of H+ ions (protons)
- Acid (H+ donor) + Base (H+ acceptor) → Salt + Water
- Examples:
- HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)
- CH3COOH (acid) + NaOH (base) → CH3COONa (salt) + H2O (water)
Hydration Reactions
- Involves the addition of water to a compound
- Examples:
- CuSO4 (anhydrous) + 5H2O → CuSO4·5H2O (hydrated)
- CaO (lime) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime)
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
- Involve transfer of electrons
- Oxidation: loss of electrons (increased oxidation state)
- Reduction: gain of electrons (decreased oxidation state)
- Examples:
- Cu (metal) + AgNO3 (oxidizing agent) → Cu2+ (oxidized) + Ag (reduced)
- Zn (metal) + CuSO4 (oxidizing agent) → Zn2+ (oxidized) + Cu (reduced)
Precipitation Reactions
- Involve formation of an insoluble solid (precipitate)
- Examples:
- NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (precipitate) + NaNO3 (aq)
- BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (precipitate) + NaCl (aq)
Complexation Reactions
- Involve formation of a coordination compound
- Examples:
- Co(H2O)6³⁺ (aq) + 6NH3 (aq) → [Co(NH3)6]³⁺ (complex ion)
- Cu²⁺ (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH3)4]²⁺ (complex ion)
Metathesis Reactions
- Involve exchange of partners between two compounds
- Examples:
- NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (precipitate)
- K2CO3 (aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (precipitate) + 2KNO3 (aq)
Molecular Equations
- Represent the reactants and products in their molecular forms
- Examples:
- 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)
- CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s)
Acid-Base Reactions
- Involve transfer of H+ ions (protons) between an acid and a base
- Acid (H+ donor) reacts with a base (H+ acceptor) to form a salt and water
- Examples of acid-base reactions include:
- HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)
- CH3COOH (acid) + NaOH (base) → CH3COONa (salt) + H2O (water)
Hydration Reactions
- Involve the addition of water to a compound
- Examples of hydration reactions include:
- CuSO4 (anhydrous) + 5H2O → CuSO4·5H2O (hydrated)
- CaO (lime) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime)
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
- Involve transfer of electrons between reactants
- Oxidation: loss of electrons, resulting in an increased oxidation state
- Reduction: gain of electrons, resulting in a decreased oxidation state
- Examples of redox reactions include:
- Cu (metal) + AgNO3 (oxidizing agent) → Cu2+ (oxidized) + Ag (reduced)
- Zn (metal) + CuSO4 (oxidizing agent) → Zn2+ (oxidized) + Cu (reduced)
Precipitation Reactions
- Involve formation of an insoluble solid (precipitate) from reactants
- Examples of precipitation reactions include:
- NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (precipitate) + NaNO3 (aq)
- BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (precipitate) + NaCl (aq)
Complexation Reactions
- Involve formation of a coordination compound from reactants
- Examples of complexation reactions include:
- Co(H2O)6³⁺ (aq) + 6NH3 (aq) → [Co(NH3)6]³⁺ (complex ion)
- Cu²⁺ (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH3)4]²⁺ (complex ion)
Metathesis Reactions
- Involve exchange of partners between two compounds
- Examples of metathesis reactions include:
- NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (precipitate)
- K2CO3 (aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (precipitate) + 2KNO3 (aq)
Molecular Equations
- Represent reactants and products in their molecular forms
- Examples of molecular equations include:
- 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)
- CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s)
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Description
This quiz covers acid-base reactions, hydration reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions in aqueous solutions, including examples and equations.
