Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
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Questions and Answers

What is the H+ donor in an acid-base reaction?

  • Acid (correct)
  • Salt
  • Base
  • Water

    • What type of reaction involves the addition of water to a compound?

  • Acid-base reaction
  • Metathesis reaction
  • Oxidation-reduction reaction
  • Hydration reaction (correct)

    • What is the result of oxidation in an oxidation-reduction reaction?

  • No change in electrons
  • Loss of electrons (correct)
  • Gain of electrons
  • Transfer of protons

    • What type of reaction involves the formation of an insoluble solid?

    <p>Precipitation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reduction in an oxidation-reduction reaction?

    <p>Gain of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction involves the formation of a coordination compound?

    <p>Complexation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for an acid-base reaction?

    <p>Acid + Base → Salt + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CuSO4 in the reaction Cu + CuSO4 → Cu2+ + Cu?

    <p>Oxidizing agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction involves the exchange of partners between two compounds?

    <p>Metathesis reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the hydrated compound formed from CuSO4 and water?

    <p>CuSO4·5H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

    Acid-Base Reactions

    • Involve transfer of H+ ions (protons)
    • Acid (H+ donor) + Base (H+ acceptor) → Salt + Water
    • Examples:
      • HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)
      • CH3COOH (acid) + NaOH (base) → CH3COONa (salt) + H2O (water)

    Hydration Reactions

    • Involves the addition of water to a compound
    • Examples:
      • CuSO4 (anhydrous) + 5H2O → CuSO4·5H2O (hydrated)
      • CaO (lime) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime)

    Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

    • Involve transfer of electrons
    • Oxidation: loss of electrons (increased oxidation state)
    • Reduction: gain of electrons (decreased oxidation state)
    • Examples:
      • Cu (metal) + AgNO3 (oxidizing agent) → Cu2+ (oxidized) + Ag (reduced)
      • Zn (metal) + CuSO4 (oxidizing agent) → Zn2+ (oxidized) + Cu (reduced)

    Precipitation Reactions

    • Involve formation of an insoluble solid (precipitate)
    • Examples:
      • NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (precipitate) + NaNO3 (aq)
      • BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (precipitate) + NaCl (aq)

    Complexation Reactions

    • Involve formation of a coordination compound
    • Examples:
      • Co(H2O)6³⁺ (aq) + 6NH3 (aq) → [Co(NH3)6]³⁺ (complex ion)
      • Cu²⁺ (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH3)4]²⁺ (complex ion)

    Metathesis Reactions

    • Involve exchange of partners between two compounds
    • Examples:
      • NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (precipitate)
      • K2CO3 (aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (precipitate) + 2KNO3 (aq)

    Molecular Equations

    • Represent the reactants and products in their molecular forms
    • Examples:
      • 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)
      • CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s)

    Acid-Base Reactions

    • Involve transfer of H+ ions (protons) between an acid and a base
    • Acid (H+ donor) reacts with a base (H+ acceptor) to form a salt and water
    • Examples of acid-base reactions include:
      • HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)
      • CH3COOH (acid) + NaOH (base) → CH3COONa (salt) + H2O (water)

    Hydration Reactions

    • Involve the addition of water to a compound
    • Examples of hydration reactions include:
      • CuSO4 (anhydrous) + 5H2O → CuSO4·5H2O (hydrated)
      • CaO (lime) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime)

    Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

    • Involve transfer of electrons between reactants
    • Oxidation: loss of electrons, resulting in an increased oxidation state
    • Reduction: gain of electrons, resulting in a decreased oxidation state
    • Examples of redox reactions include:
      • Cu (metal) + AgNO3 (oxidizing agent) → Cu2+ (oxidized) + Ag (reduced)
      • Zn (metal) + CuSO4 (oxidizing agent) → Zn2+ (oxidized) + Cu (reduced)

    Precipitation Reactions

    • Involve formation of an insoluble solid (precipitate) from reactants
    • Examples of precipitation reactions include:
      • NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (precipitate) + NaNO3 (aq)
      • BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (precipitate) + NaCl (aq)

    Complexation Reactions

    • Involve formation of a coordination compound from reactants
    • Examples of complexation reactions include:
      • Co(H2O)6³⁺ (aq) + 6NH3 (aq) → [Co(NH3)6]³⁺ (complex ion)
      • Cu²⁺ (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH3)4]²⁺ (complex ion)

    Metathesis Reactions

    • Involve exchange of partners between two compounds
    • Examples of metathesis reactions include:
      • NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (precipitate)
      • K2CO3 (aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (precipitate) + 2KNO3 (aq)

    Molecular Equations

    • Represent reactants and products in their molecular forms
    • Examples of molecular equations include:
      • 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)
      • CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s)

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    Description

    This quiz covers acid-base reactions, hydration reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions in aqueous solutions, including examples and equations.

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