General Chemistry 1 - Summative Test

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

To provide quick energy for cellular activities.

To serve as structural components in cells.

To form cell membranes and store energy.

To store and transmit genetic information. (correct)

Which macromolecule is made up of nucleotides?

Protein

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Nucleic acid (correct)

Which is termed as the blueprint of life?

Ribonucleic acid

Fatty acid

Deoxyribonucleic acid (correct)

Nucleic acid

What are the atoms that make up carbohydrates?

C, H, and O Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the extent to which a polymer affects light as it passes through?

Refractive index Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called in which monomers are chemically bonded to form a polymer?

Polymerization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bonds typically link monomers together in a polymer?

Covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is a common by-product of condensation polymerization?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the combustion of an organic compound with oxygen?

Combustion Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which reagent is required to convert fatty acids into soaps?

NaOH Signup and view all the answers

The molecular formula C3H6O can represent which type of isomerism?

Functional isomerism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an isomer of ethanol (CH3CH2OH)?

Dimethyl ether Signup and view all the answers

What type of functional group is present in the compound CH3COOCH3?

Ester Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the polarity in a molecule?

Unequal sharing of electrons in bonds Signup and view all the answers

In the correct Lewis structure for water (H2O), how many unshared pairs of electrons does oxygen have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

In CO2, how many double bonds does carbon have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What number of electrons do atoms aim to attain in their outermost shell according to the Octet Rule?

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which element typically loses 1 electron to achieve an octet configuration?

Potassium Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion is formed when an atom gains electrons?

Anion Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can a p orbital hold?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

An atomic orbital can only hold a maximum of 2 electrons, each with opposite spins Signup and view all the answers

What condition leads to paramagnetic character in an atom?

The presence of unpaired electrons in the atomic orbitals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following electron configurations indicates that an atom is diamagnetic?

1s^2^ 2s^2^ 2p^6^ 3s^2^ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Chemistry 1 - Summative Test

Nucleic Acids: Primarily store and transmit genetic information.
Macromolecules: Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
Blueprint of Life: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Carbohydrates Composed of: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Plastic Properties:
- Refractive Index: How much light is affected as it passes through the polymer.
- Resilience: The ability of a polymer to endure stress without permanent deformation.
- Tensile Strength: The maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking.
- Elastic Modulus: Measures stiffness or rigidity.
- Permeability: Ability to pass extraneous materials.
- Crystallinity: Extent to which the polymer's structure is ordered.
Polymerization: Monomers chemically bond to form polymers
Polymer Bonds: Covalent bonds are typically used to link monomers.
Condensation Polymerization: Produces a by-product, often water
Substitution Reaction: An atom or group in a molecule is replaced by another.
Combustion Reaction: Organic compounds reacting with oxygen (O2), releasing heat.
Soaps: Formed by converting fatty acids with a specific reagent (NaOH or KOH).
Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
Functional Groups: Specific groups of atoms within a molecule that determine its chemical properties.
Polarity: Driven by unequal sharing of electrons in chemical bonds and molecular geometry. Factors include bond dipoles and differences in electronegativity
Chemical Bonds:
- Ionic Bonds: Formed by complete transferring of electrons between atoms.
- Covalent Bonds: Formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
- Polar Covalent Bonds: Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole.
- Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: Equal sharing of electrons.
- Hydrogen Bonds: Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.
Lewis Structures: Use dots to represent bonding and valence electrons.
Octet Rule: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration — 8 electrons in the outermost shell—with a few exceptions.
Ions:
- Cations: Positively charged ions (lose electrons).
- Anions: Negatively charged ions (gain electrons).
Electronegativity: A measure of an atom's tendency to attract electrons in a bond.
Molecular Geometry: The 3D arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Diamagnetism: Absence of unpaired electrons
Paramagnetism: Presence of unpaired electrons
Electron Configurations: Describe how electrons are arranged in an atom.

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Description

Test your knowledge on nucleic acids, macromolecules, and the properties of polymers. This summative assessment covers key concepts including the composition of carbohydrates and the fundamentals of polymer chemistry. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of these essential topics in chemistry.